View source for Tupac Shakur

{{Short description|American rapper (1971–1996)}}
{{Redirect|Tupac}}
{{Redirect|Makaveli|the Italian philosopher|Machiavelli}}
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{{Use American English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Tupac Shakur
| image              = Tupac Amaru Shakur2.jpg<!-- NOTE: Do not replace Tupac Amaru Shakur2.jpg unless it is with a photo under a public domain or free license (meaning NOT fair use). Any fair use photos (i.e. 'promotional photos') violate the Fair Use Policy and will be deleted. See [[Wikipedia:Fair]] use criteria. -->
| alt                = A black and white photo of Tupac Shakur staring at the viewer
| caption            = Shakur in 1991
| birth_name         = Lesane Parish Crooks
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1971|6|16}}
| birth_place        = [[New York City]], U.S.
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|1996|9|13|1971|6|16}}
| death_place        = [[Las Vegas, Nevada]], U.S.
| death_cause        = [[Murder of Tupac Shakur|Drive-by homicide]] (gunshot wounds)
| occupation         = {{hlist|Rapper|songwriter|actor}}
| alias              = {{hlist|2Pac|Pac|2Pacalypse|Makaveli|MC New York}}
| years_active       = 1989–1996<!--He began recording as MC New York in 1989. -->
| spouse             = {{marriage|Keisha Morris|1995|1996|end={{abbr|ann.|annulled}}}}
| partner            = <!--Partner parameter for long-term partners only-->
| parents            = {{ubl|[[Afeni Shakur]]|Billy Garland}}
| relatives          = {{ubl|[[Mutulu Shakur]] (step-father)|[[Assata Shakur]] (step-aunt)|[[Mopreme Shakur]] (step-brother)|[[Kastro (rapper)|Kastro]] (cousin)}}
| awards             = [[List of awards and nominations received by Tupac Shakur|Full list]]
| module             = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed              = yes
| origin             = [[Marin City, California]], U.S.
| genre              = {{hlist|[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]|[[political hip hop]]|[[West Coast hip hop]]|[[gangsta rap]]}}
| discography        = [[Tupac Shakur discography]]
| label              = {{hlist|[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]|[[Jive Records|Jive]]|[[Amaru Records|Amaru]]|[[Death Row Records|Death Row]]}}
| website            = {{Official URL}}
| past_member_of     = {{hlist|[[Digital Underground]]|[[Thug Life]]|[[Outlawz]]}}
}}
| signature          = File:Tupac Shakur's signature.svg
}}
'''Tupac Amaru Shakur''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|uː|p|ɑː|k|_|ʃ|ə|ˈ|k|ʊər}} {{respell|TOO|pahk|_|shə|KOOR}}; born '''Lesane Parish Crooks'''; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names '''2Pac''' and '''Makaveli''', was an American rapper<!-- only most notable occupations -->. He is widely considered one of the most influential and successful rappers of all time.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Okwerekwu |first=Ike |date=May 5, 2019|title=Tupac: The Greatest Inspirational Hip Hop Artist |url=https://medium.com/music-for-inspiration/tupac-the-greatest-inspirational-hip-hop-artist-7118f02747ed |access-date=March 9, 2022|website=Music For Inspiration }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=September 13, 2016|title=8 Ways Tupac Shakur Changed the World |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/8-ways-tupac-shakur-changed-the-world-128421/ |access-date=March 9, 2022|magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref> Shakur is among the [[List of best-selling music artists|best-selling music artists]], having sold more than 75 million records worldwide. Much of Shakur's music has been noted for addressing contemporary [[Social issue|social issues]] that plagued [[Inner city|inner cities]], and he is considered a symbol of activism against inequality.

Shakur was born in [[New York City]] to parents who were both political activists and [[Black Panther Party]] members. Raised by his mother, [[Afeni Shakur]], he relocated to [[Baltimore]] in 1984 and to the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] in 1988. With the release of his debut album ''[[2Pacalypse Now]]'' in 1991, he became a central figure in [[West Coast hip hop]] for his [[Political hip hop|conscious rap]] lyrics.<ref name="TSTA2">{{Cite AV media|title=Tupac Shakur – Thug Angel (The Life of an Outlaw)|date=2002}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Alexander|editor1-first=Leslie M.|editor2-last=Rucker|editor2-first=Walter C.|title=Encyclopedia of African American History|volume=1|date=February 28, 2010|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=9781851097692|pages=254–257}}</ref> Shakur achieved further critical and commercial success with his follow-up albums ''[[Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...]]'' (1993) and ''[[Me Against the World]]'' (1995).<ref name="HTP-3302">{{cite book | last = Edwards | first = Paul | year = 2009 | title = [[How to Rap]]: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC | publisher = Chicago Review Press | page = 330}}</ref> His [[RIAA certification|Diamond]] certified album ''[[All Eyez on Me]]'' (1996), the first double-length album in hip-hop history, abandoned his introspective lyrics for volatile [[gangsta rap]].<ref name="AllMusic-r231489" /> In addition to his music career, Shakur also found considerable success as an actor, with his starring roles in ''[[Juice (1992 film)|Juice]]'' (1992), ''[[Poetic Justice (film)|Poetic Justice]]'' (1993), ''[[Above the Rim]]'' (1994), ''[[Bullet (1996 film)|Bullet]]'' (1996), ''[[Gridlock'd]]'' (1997), and ''[[Gang Related]]'' (1997).

During the later part of his career, Shakur was shot five times in the lobby of a New York recording studio and experienced legal troubles, including [[incarceration]]. In 1995, Shakur served eight months in prison on sexual abuse charges, but was released pending an appeal of his conviction. Following his release, he signed to [[Suge Knight|Marion "Suge" Knight]]'s label [[Death Row Records]] and became heavily involved in the growing [[East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry]].<ref name=":3">{{cite book | author = Jay-Z | title = Essays on Hip Hop's Philosopher King | editor-first = Julius | editor-last = Bailey | isbn = 978-0786463299 | publisher = McFarland & Company | year = 2011 | page = 55}}</ref> On September 7, 1996, Shakur was [[Murder of Tupac Shakur|shot four times]] by an unidentified assailant in a [[drive-by shooting]] in [[Las Vegas]]; he died six days later. Following his murder, Shakur's friend-turned-rival, [[the Notorious B.I.G.]], was at first considered a suspect due to their public feud; he was also murdered in [[Murder of the Notorious B.I.G.|another drive-by shooting]] six months later in March 1997, while visiting Los Angeles.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|first=Antonio | last = Planas|date=April 7, 2011|title=FBI outlines parallels in Notorious B.I.G., Tupac slayings|newspaper=[[Las Vegas Review-Journal]]|url=http://www.lvrj.com/news/fbi-outlines-parallels-in-notorious-b-i-g-tupac-slayings-119389104.html|url-status=live|access-date=February 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411003337/http://www.lvrj.com/news/fbi-outlines-parallels-in-notorious-b-i-g-tupac-slayings-119389104.html|archive-date=April 11, 2011}}</ref><ref name="TSDCD" />

Shakur's double-length posthumous album [[Greatest Hits (Tupac Shakur album)|''Greatest Hits'']] (1998) is one of his two releases—and one of only nine hip hop albums—to have been certified [[RIAA certification|Diamond]] in the United States.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2011 |title=2Pac's 'Greatest Hits' album certified Diamond |url=https://hypebeast.com/2018/7/2-pacs-greatest-hits-album-certified-diamond |access-date=May 5, 2022 |website=HYPEBEAST}}</ref> Five more albums have been released since Shakur's death, including his critically acclaimed posthumous album ''[[The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory]]'' (1996)<ref>{{Cite web  |date=November 5, 2018 |title=No Blasphemy: Why 2Pac's "The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory" Is Rap's Greatest Album |url=https://hiphopdx.com/editorials/id.4179/title.no-blasphemy-why-2pacs-the-don-killuminati-the-7-day-theory-is-raps-greatest-album |access-date=May 5, 2022 |website=HipHopDX}}</ref> under his stage name Makaveli, all of which have been certified [[RIAA certification|Platinum]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 4, 2019 |title=The Best Selling Tupac Albums of All Time |url=https://2paclegacy.net/the-best-selling-tupac-albums-of-all-time/ |access-date=May 5, 2022 |website=2PacLegacy.net |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2002, Shakur was inducted into the Hip-Hop Hall of Fame.<ref name="Allwood-2006">{{cite web|title=Notorious B.I.G., Tupac Shakur To Be Inducted Into Hip-Hop Hall Of Fame|website=[[BET]]|url=http://www.bet.com/Music/Archives/BET.com+-+Notorious+B.I.G._+Tupac+Shakur+To+Be+Inducted+Into+Hip-Hop+Hall+Of+Fame+152.htm|date=December 30, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230051113/http://www.bet.com/Music/Archives/BET.com%2B-%2BNotorious%2BB.I.G._%2BTupac%2BShakur%2BTo%2BBe%2BInducted%2BInto%2BHip-Hop%2BHall%2BOf%2BFame%2B152.htm|archive-date=December 30, 2006|access-date=January 7, 2012}}</ref> In 2017, he was inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] in his first year of eligibility.<ref name="USA Today-2016">{{Cite news |title=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame taps Tupac, Journey, Pearl Jam |newspaper=USA TODAY |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2016/12/20/rock-and-roll-hall-fame-taps-tupac-journey-pearl-jam/95616556/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220191622/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2016/12/20/rock-and-roll-hall-fame-taps-tupac-journey-pearl-jam/95616556/ |archive-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' ranked Shakur among the [[Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time|100 Greatest Artists of All Time]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=100 Greatest Artists|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-artists-147446/|date=December 3, 2010|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=June 11, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206192537/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-artists-147446/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, he was awarded a posthumous star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 7, 2023 |title=Tupac Shakur posthumously receives star on Hollywood Walk of Fame |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tupac-shakur-posthumously-receives-star-on-hollywood-walk-of-fame/ |access-date=June 9, 2023 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Early life ==
[[File:Eastharlem01.jpg|thumb|[[East Harlem]], the neighborhood of New York City where Shakur was born|alt=A bird's-eye view of New York City, looking north from 96th Street, along Second Avenue, towards East Harlem. The intersection in view is 97th Street.]]

Shakur was born on June 16, 1971, in [[East Harlem]], Upper Manhattan, New York City.<ref>{{cite book|first=Norman|last=Abjorensen|date=2017|title=Historical Dictionary of Popular Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZyrDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA455|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|page=455|isbn=978-1-5381-0214-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Jeremy|last=Prestholdt|date=2019|title=Icons of Dissent: The Global Resonance of Che, Marley, Tupac and Bin Laden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXKfDwAAQBAJ&pg=103|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=103|isbn=978-0-1906-3214-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Jim|last=Cullen|date=2017|title=Democratic Empire: The United States Since 1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jI4jDAAAQBAJ&pg=245|location=Chichester, West Sussex|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|page=245|isbn=978-1-119-02735-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Hoye|editor-first1=Jacob|editor-last2=Ali|editor-first2=Karolyn|editor-link2=Karolyn Ali|date=2003|title=Tupac: Resurrection 1971–1996|url=https://archive.org/details/tupacresurrectio00shak/page/9/mode/1up|location=New York|publisher=Atria Books|page=9|isbn=0-7434-7434-1}}</ref> While born Lesane Parish Crooks,<ref>{{cite web|first=Cathy|last=Scott |url=http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/1996/oct/02/22-year-old-arrested-in-tupac-shakur-killing/#axzz2TfQ6LDHS |title=22-year-old arrested in Tupac Shakur killing|newspaper=[[Las Vegas Sun]]|date=October 2, 1996|access-date=September 13, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053735/http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/1996/oct/02/22-year-old-arrested-in-tupac-shakur-killing/ |archive-date=September 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name="cathyscott1">{{cite web|title=Tupac Coroner's Report|url=http://www.cathyscott.com/artcls/Tupac%20Coroners%20Report.html |publisher=[[Cathy Scott]]|access-date=July 24, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723212104/http://www.cathyscott.com/artcls/Tupac%20Coroners%20Report.html|archive-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Debra D.|last=Bass |url=http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/1997/sep/04/book-chronicling-shakur-murder-set-to-hit-stores/#axzz2TfQ6LDHS |title=Book chronicling Shakur murder set to hit stores|newspaper=[[Las Vegas Sun]] |access-date=September 13, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006084722/http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/1997/sep/04/book-chronicling-shakur-murder-set-to-hit-stores/ |archive-date=October 6, 2014|date=September 4, 1997}}</ref> at age one he was renamed Tupac Amaru Shakur.<ref name="Walker">{{cite web |title=Tupac Shakur and Tupac Amaru |url=http://charlesfwalker.com/tupac-shakur-tupac-amaru/ |last=Walker |first=Charles F. |date=February 26, 2014 |access-date=June 30, 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227015606/http://charlesfwalker.com/tupac-shakur-tupac-amaru/ |archive-date=February 27, 2014}}</ref> He was named after [[Túpac Amaru II]], the descendant of the last [[Inca Empire|Incan]] ruler, who was executed in Peru in 1781 after his [[Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II|failed revolt]] against [[Spanish Empire|Spanish rule]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Colonial and Neocolonial Latin America (1750–1900) | first = Sarah | last = Cline |url=http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/2c/Col&NeoColonLatAmSCline034.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705072901/http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/2c/Col%26NeoColonLatAmSCline034.pdf|archive-date=July 5, 2010|access-date=October 14, 2010}}</ref> Shakur's mother [[Afeni Shakur]] explained, "I wanted him to have the name of revolutionary, indigenous people in the world. I wanted him to know he was part of a world culture and not just from a neighborhood."<ref name="Walker" />

Shakur had an older stepbrother, [[Mopreme Shakur|Mopreme "Komani" Shakur]], and a half-sister, Sekyiwa Shakur, two years his junior.<ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive: Mopreme Shakur Talks Tupac; Rapper's B-Day Celebrated|url=http://allhiphop.com/stories/news/archive/2010/06/15/22267493.aspx|publisher=[[AllHipHop]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618021222/http://www.allhiphop.com/stories/news/archive/2010/06/15/22267493.aspx|archive-date=June 18, 2010|access-date=July 28, 2010}}</ref>

=== Panther heritage ===
Shakur's parents, Afeni Shakur—born Alice Faye Williams in North Carolina—and his biological father, William "Billy" Garland, had been active [[Black Panther Party]] members in New York in the late 1960s and early 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rare Interview With Tupac's Biological Father |url=http://mycolumbuspower.com/2916523/rare-interview-with-tupacs-biological-father-video/ |date=December 30, 2013 |publisher=Power 107.5 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807221354/http://mycolumbuspower.com/2916523/rare-interview-with-tupacs-biological-father-video/ |archive-date=August 7, 2016}}</ref> A month before Shakur's birth, his mother was tried in New York City as part of the [[Panther 21]] criminal trial. She was acquitted of over 150 charges.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Scott|first=Cathy|title=The Killing of Tupac Shakur|title-link=The Killing of Tupac Shakur|publisher=Huntington Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0929712208|location=Las Vegas, Nevada}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Afeni Shakur|url=http://www.2paclegacy.com/images/assets/bio_afeni_shakur/afeni_shakur_biography.pdf |publisher=2Pac Legacy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409074113/http://www.2paclegacy.com/images/assets/bio_afeni_shakur/afeni_shakur_biography.pdf |archive-date=April 9, 2008 |access-date=April 23, 2008}}</ref>

Other family members who were involved in the [[Black Panther Party|Black Panthers]]' [[Black Liberation Army]] were convicted of serious crimes and imprisoned, including Shakur's stepfather, [[Mutulu Shakur]], who spent four years among the [[FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives, 1980s|FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives]]. Mutulu Shakur was apprehended in 1986 and subsequently convicted for a 1981 [[Brinks robbery (1981)|robbery of a Brinks armored truck]], during which police officers and a guard were killed.<ref name="labyrinth">{{Cite book|first=Randall|last=Sullivan|title=LAbyrinth: A Detective Investigates the Murders of Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G., the Implication of Death Row Records' Suge Knight, and the Origins of the Los Angeles Police Scandal |publisher=[[Grove Press]] |location=New York City |date=January 3, 2003 |isbn=0-8021-3971-X}}</ref>

Shakur's [[Godparent|godfather]], [[Geronimo Pratt|Elmer "Geronimo" Pratt]], a high-ranking Black Panther, was convicted of murdering a school teacher during a 1968 robbery. After spending 27 years in prison, his conviction was overturned due to the prosecution's having concealed evidence that proved his innocence.<ref>{{cite web|title=Geronimo Pratt: Black Panther leader who spent 27 years in jail for a crime he did not commit|website=The Independent|date=October 23, 2011|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/geronimo-pratt-black-panther-leader-who-spent-27-years-in-jail-for-a-crime-he-did-not-commit-2297384.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Douglas |title=Elmer G. Pratt, Jailed Panther Leader, Dies at 63 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/04/us/04 |access-date=January 16, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=June 3, 2011}}</ref>

Shakur's godmother, [[Assata Shakur]], is a former member of the [[Black Liberation Army]], who was convicted of the [[first-degree murder]] of a [[New Jersey]] State Trooper and is still wanted by the FBI.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shakur |first=Assata |date=1987 |title=An Autobiography of Assata Shakur |others=Lennox S. Hinds (foreword) |publisher=Lawrence Hill Books |isbn=0-88208-221-3}}</ref>

=== Education ===
[[File:Tupac Shakur 1988 Yearbook.jpg|thumb|upright|Shakur's Baltimore School of the Arts yearbook photograph, 1988]]

In the 1980s, Shakur's mother found it difficult to find work and she struggled with drug addiction.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dazed|date=May 4, 2016|title=The colourful life of Tupac's mother Afeni Shakur|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/30996/1/the-colourful-life-of-tupac-s-mother-afeni-shakur|access-date=December 19, 2021|website=Dazed|language=en}}</ref> In 1984, his family moved from New York City to [[Baltimore]], Maryland.<ref name="Lewis-2016">{{Cite web|last=Lewis|first=John|date=September 6, 2016|title=Tupac Was Here|url=https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/legendary-rapper-tupac-shakur-spent-his-formative-years-in-baltimore/|access-date=December 19, 2021|website=Baltimore Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> He attended eighth grade at Roland Park Middle School, then ninth grade at [[Paul Laurence Dunbar High School (Baltimore, Maryland)|Paul Laurence Dunbar High School]].<ref name="Lewis-2016" /> He transferred to the [[Baltimore School for the Arts]] in the tenth grade, where he studied acting, poetry, [[jazz]], and ballet.<ref name="King">{{cite news |last=King |first=Jamilah |title=Art and Activism in Charm City: Five Baltimore Collectives That Are Facing Race |newspaper=Colorlines |publisher=ARC |date=November 15, 2012 |url=http://colorlines.com/archives/2012/11/baltimore_arts_and_culture.html |access-date=April 11, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512024439/http://colorlines.com/archives/2012/11/baltimore_arts_and_culture.html |archive-date=May 12, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Case |first=Wesley |title=Tupac Shakur in Baltimore: Friends, teachers remember the birth of an artist |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/food-drink/bal-tupac-shakur-baltimore-school-for-arts-hall-of-fame-induction-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901235954/https://www.baltimoresun.com/food-drink/bal-tupac-shakur-baltimore-school-for-arts-hall-of-fame-induction-story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 1, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |date=March 31, 2017}}</ref> He performed in [[Shakespeare's plays]]—depicting timeless themes, now seen in gang warfare, he would recall<ref name="not-a-ganster">{{Cite news|last=Philips|first=Chuck|date=October 25, 1995|title=Tupac Shakur: 'I am not a gangster'|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-tupac-qa-story.html|access-date=September 26, 2020|archive-date=September 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916234535/https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-tupac-qa-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>—and as the Mouse King role in ''[[The Nutcracker]]'' ballet.<ref name="labyrinth" />

At the Baltimore School for the Arts, Shakur befriended actress [[Jada Pinkett Smith|Jada Pinkett]], who became a subject of some of his poems.<ref>Tupac's poem "Jada" appears in his book ''[[The Rose That Grew from Concrete (poetry collection)|The Rose That Grew from Concrete]]'', which also includes a poem dedicated to her, "The Tears in Cupid's Eyes".</ref> With his friend Dana "Mouse" Smith as [[beatbox]], he won competitions as reputedly the school's best rapper.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bastfield|first=Darrin Keith|title=Back in the Day: My Life and Times with Tupac Shakur|publisher=Da Capo Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-345-44775-3|page = 5 }}</ref> Also known for his humor, he could mix with all crowds.<ref>Bastfield 2002, p. 3.</ref> He listened to a diverse range of music that included [[Kate Bush]], [[Culture Club]], [[Sinéad O'Connor]], and [[U2]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Golus |first=Carrie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VndZuYv9u4kC&q=tupac+kate+bush&pg=PA26 |title=Tupac Shakur |date=December 28, 2006 |isbn=9780822566090 |publisher=Lerner Publications |access-date=March 29, 2012 |archive-date=December 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208044704/https://books.google.com/books?id=VndZuYv9u4kC&q=tupac+kate+bush&pg=PA26 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Upon connecting with the Baltimore [[Young Communist League USA]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy birthday to our brother and comrade, #TupacShakur! This is his Young Communist League membership card from when he lived in Baltimore, Maryland. #RestInPower #SolidarityForever |url=https://twitter.com/communistsusa/status/1140414143943589888 |date=June 17, 2019 |website=Twitter |publisher=Communist Party USA |access-date=June 17, 2019 |archive-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511025903/https://twitter.com/communistsusa/status/1140414143943589888 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Nguyen |first=Dean |date=May 18, 2021 |title=The Hip-Hop Road to Socialism |url=https://jacobin.com/2021/05/socialist-hip-hop-tupac-biggie-jay-z-killer-mike-paris-coup-noname-immortal-technique-marxman-hasel |access-date=March 15, 2023 |website=jacobin.com |language=en-US |quote=Tupac himself appears to have been a member of the Young Communist League at one point, too.}}</ref> Shakur dated Mary Baldridge, who was the daughter of the director of the local chapter of the [[Communist Party USA]].<ref>Bastfield 2002, pp. 67–68.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sandy |first1=Candace |title=How Long Will They Mourn Me? |last2=Marie Daniels |first2=Dawn |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |year=2010 |isbn=9780307757449 |pages=10 |quote=Tupac's leadership abilities emerged with his involvement with the Young People's Communist League, where he worked with his then girlfriend, Mary Baldridge, whose father was the head of the Baltimore Communist Party}}</ref> Baldridge, who was white, was described as an attractive young woman who was raised to [[Racial color blindness|look past color]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=McQuillar |first1=Tayannah Lee |title=Tupac Shakur: The Life and Times of an American Icon |last2=Johnson |first2=Fred L. |publisher=Hachette Books |year=2010 |isbn=9780786745937 |quote=Tupac and his white girlfriend Mary Baldridge, a student in the high school's dance department. She was an attractive young woman who's been brought up to look past color and see people as people.}}</ref>

In 1988, Shakur moved to [[Marin City, California]], an impoverished community in the San Francisco Bay Area.<ref name="Brown-2016">{{cite web | first = Preezy | last = Brown | url = https://www.vibe.com/2016/11/tupac-2pacalypse-now-anniversary | title = How '2Pacalypse Now' Marked The Birth Of A Rap Revolutionary | date = November 12, 2016 | work = [[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] | access-date = March 22, 2018 | archive-date = March 23, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180323031237/https://www.vibe.com/2016/11/tupac-2pacalypse-now-anniversary/ | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="vibe">{{cite magazine |date=October 1999 |title=Back 2 the Essence: Friends and Families Reminisce over Hip-hop's Fallen Sons |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MSgEAAAAMBAJ&q=Tupac%20moved%20Baltimore%20Marin-City&pg=PA103 |magazine=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |location=New York City |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=100–116 [103] |access-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-date=December 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208044704/https://books.google.com/books?id=MSgEAAAAMBAJ&q=Tupac+moved+Baltimore+Marin-City&pg=PA103 |url-status=live }}</ref> In nearby [[Mill Valley, California|Mill Valley]], he attended [[Tamalpais High School]],<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Marriott |first1=Michel |last2=Brooke |first2=James |last3=LeDuff |first3=Charlie |last4=Lorch |first4=Donatella |date=September 16, 1996 |title=Shots Silence Angry Voice Sharpened by the Streets |pages=A–1 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/16/us/shots-silence-angry-voice-sharpened-by-the-streets.html|url-status=live |access-date=August 21, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825100514/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/16/us/shots-silence-angry-voice-sharpened-by-the-streets.html |archive-date=August 25, 2009}}</ref> where he performed in several theater productions.<ref>In an English class, Tupac wrote the paper "Conquering All Obstacles", which says, in part, "our raps, not the sorry story raps everyone is so tired of. They are about what happens in the real world. Our goal is, have people relate to our raps, making it easier to see what really is happening out there. Even more important, what we may do to better our world" [Cliff Mills, Tupac (New York: Checkmark, 2007)].</ref> Shakur did not graduate from high school, but he later earned his [[General Educational Development|GED]].<ref name="nyt-obit" />

==Music career==

=== MC New York ===
Shakur began recording under the stage name MC New York in 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chung|first=James|date=February 25, 2020|title=These Were Tupac's Startling Last Words|url=https://www.spin.com/photos/these-were-tupacs-startling-last-words/|access-date=January 30, 2022|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}</ref> That year, he began attending the poetry classes of [[Leila Steinberg]], and she soon became his manager.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leila Steinberg|url=http://www.hearteducation.org/leila.html |publisher=Assemblies in Motion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213024039/http://www.hearteducation.org/leila.html|archive-date=February 13, 2008 |access-date=January 25, 2009}}</ref><ref name="Brown-2016" /> Steinberg organized a concert for Shakur and his rap group Strictly Dope. Steinberg managed to get Shakur signed by Atron Gregory, manager of the rap group [[Digital Underground]].<ref name="Brown-2016" /> In 1990, Gregory placed him with the Underground as a [[roadie]] and [[backup dancer]].<ref name="Brown-2016" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Sandy|first1=Candace|title=How Long Will They Mourn Me?: The Life and Legacy of Tupac Shakur|last2=Daniels|first2=Dawn Marie|date=December 8, 2010|publisher=[[Random House Publishing Group]]|isbn=9780307757449|page=15}}</ref>

===Digital Underground===
{{See also|Stretch (rapper)|Live Squad}}

In January 1991 Shakur debuted under the stage name 2Pac on [[Digital Underground]], under a new record label, [[Interscope Records]], on the group's January 1991 single "[[Same Song (Digital Underground song)|Same Song]]". The song was featured on the soundtrack of the 1991 film ''[[Nothing but Trouble (1991 film)|Nothing but Trouble]]'', starring [[Dan Aykroyd]], [[John Candy]], [[Chevy Chase]], and [[Demi Moore]].<ref name="Brown-2016" /> The song opened the group's January 1991 EP titled ''[[This Is an EP Release]]'',<ref name="Brown-2016" /> while Shakur appeared in the music video.

At the request of Steinberg, Digital Underground co-founder Jimi "Chopmaster J" Dright worked with Shakur, [[Ray Luv]] and Dize, a DJ, on their earliest studio recordings. Dright recalls that Shakur did not work well as part of a group, and added, "this guy was on a mission. From day one. Maybe he knew he wasn't going to be around seven years later."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Weingarten |first=Christopher R. |date=April 6, 2017 |title=I Get Around: The Oral History of 2Pac's Digital Underground Years |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/feature/i-get-around-the-oral-history-of-2pacs-digital-underground-years-125475/ |access-date=April 22, 2023 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref>

From 1988 to 1991, Dright and Digital Underground produced Shakur's earliest work with his crew at the time, Strictly Dope.<ref>{{Citation |title=2Pac – The Lost Tapes Album Reviews, Songs & More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-lost-tapes-mw0000606961 |access-date=April 22, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The recordings were rediscovered in 2000 and released as ''The Lost Tapes: Circa 1989.''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2007 |title=Tupac Shakur Beginnings: The Lost Tapes 1988–1991 – Hip Hop Galaxy |url=http://www.hiphopgalaxy.com/Tupac-Shakur-Beginnings-The-Lost-Tapes-1988-1991-hip-hop-5231.html |access-date=April 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070617024101/http://www.hiphopgalaxy.com/Tupac-Shakur-Beginnings-The-Lost-Tapes-1988-1991-hip-hop-5231.html |archive-date=June 17, 2007 }}</ref> Afeni Shakur sued to stop the sale of the recordings but the suit was settled in June 2001 and rereleased as ''[[Beginnings: The Lost Tapes 1988–1991]].''<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=June 9, 2001 |title=Shakur Estate Settles With Chopmaster J; Lil Mo's 'True Story' Finally Comes To Light |pages=24 |magazine=Billboard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HBQEAAAAMBAJ |access-date=April 22, 2023}}</ref>

Shakur's early days with [[Digital Underground]] made him acquainted with [[Stretch (rapper)|Randy "Stretch" Walker]], who along with his brother, dubbed Majesty, and a friend debuted with an EP as a rap group and production team, [[Live Squad]], in [[Queens]], New York.<ref name="Jones-1995">{{cite news|last=Jones|first=Charisse|date=December 1, 1995|title=Rapper slain after chase in Queens|page=B 3|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/01/nyregion/rapper-slain-after-chase-in-queens.html|url-status=live|access-date=May 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408090314/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/01/nyregion/rapper-slain-after-chase-in-queens.html|archive-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref> Stretch was featured on a track of the Digital Underground's 1991 album ''[[Sons of the P]]''. Becoming fast friends, Shakur and Stretch recorded and performed together often.<ref name="Jones-1995" />

=== ''2Pacalypse Now'' ===
{{Main|2Pacalypse Now}}
Shakur's debut album, ''2Pacalypse Now''—alluding to the 1979 film ''[[Apocalypse Now]]''—arrived in November 1991. Some prominent rappers—like [[Nas]], [[Eminem]], [[Game (rapper)|Game]], and [[Talib Kweli]]—cite it as an inspiration.<ref name="MTV2">{{cite web|title=MTV – They Told Us|website=[[MTV]]|url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/h/hip_hop_week/2006/emcees/index15.jhtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060423100616/http://www.mtv.com/bands/h/hip_hop_week/2006/emcees/index15.jhtml|archive-date=April 23, 2006|access-date=April 26, 2011}}</ref> Aside from "If My Homie Calls", the singles "[[Trapped (2Pac song)|Trapped]]" and "[[Brenda's Got a Baby]]" poetically depict individual struggles under socioeconomic disadvantage.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Vaught|first=Seneca|date=Spring 2014|title=Tupac's Law: Incarceration, T.H.U.G.L.I.F.E., and the Crisis of Black Masculinity|url=https://www.academia.edu/8258642/Tupacs_Law_Incarceration_and_the_Crisis_of_Black_Masculinity <!-- alternate URL: http://muse.jhu.edu/article/540809 -->|url-status=live|journal=Spectrum: A Journal on Black Men|volume=2|pages=93–94|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306233517/http://www.academia.edu/8258642/Tupacs_Law_Incarceration_and_the_Crisis_of_Black_Masculinity|archive-date=March 6, 2017|access-date=June 28, 2016|number=2|doi=10.2979/spectrum.2.2.87|s2cid=144439620}}</ref>

US Vice President [[Dan Quayle]] said, "There's no reason for a record like this to be released. It has no place in our society." Tupac, finding himself misunderstood,<ref name="not-a-ganster" /> explained, in part

{{Blockquote|I just wanted to rap about things that affected young black males. When I said that, I didn't know that I was gonna tie myself down to just take all the blunts and hits for all the young black males, to be the media's kicking post for young black males.<ref name=
Philips-1995-interview>{{cite web |last=Philips|first=Chuck|date=September 13, 2012|title=Tupac Shakur Interview 1995 |work =The Chuck Philips Post |url=http://chuckphilipspost.com|url-status=live |access-date=October 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022001021/http://chuckphilipspost.com/ |archive-date=October 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sami |first=Yenigun |date=July 19, 2013 |title=20 Years Ago, Tupac Broke Through|newspaper=National Public Radio.com|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2013/07/19/203360557/in-1993-tupac-breaks-through|url-status=live|access-date=October 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030040028/http://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2013/07/19/203360557/in-1993-tupac-breaks-through|archive-date=October 30, 2013}}</ref>}}

In any case, ''2Pacalypse Now'' was [[certified Gold]], half a million copies sold. The album addresses urban Black concerns said to remain relevant to the present day.<ref name="Brown-2016" />

=== ''Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...'' ===
{{Main|Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...}}

Shakur's second album, ''Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...'', was released in February 1993.<ref name="Albumism">{{Cite web |title=Revisiting 2Pac's 'Strictly 4 My N.*.*.*.*.Z...' (1993) {{!}} Retrospective Tribute |url=https://albumism.com/features/tribute-celebrating-25-years-of-2pac-strictly-4-my-niggaz |access-date=April 11, 2022 |website=Albumism |language=en-US}}</ref> A critical and commercial success, it debuted at No. 24 on the pop albums chart, the [[Billboard 200]].<ref name="Billboard">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/2pac/chart-history/tlp/|title=2Pac – Album chart history|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=June 14, 2021}}</ref> An overall more hardcore album, it emphasizes Tupac's sociopolitical views, and has a metallic production quality. The song "Last Wordz" features [[Ice Cube]], co-writer of [[N.W.A|N.W.A's]] "[[Fuck tha Police]]", who in his own solo albums had newly gone militantly [[Political rap|political]], and [[gangsta rap]]per [[Ice-T]], who in June 1992 had sparked controversy with his band [[Body Count (band)|Body Count]]'s track "[[Cop Killer (song)|Cop Killer]]".<ref name="Albumism" />

In its vinyl release, side A, tracks 1 to 8, is labeled the "Black Side", while side B, tracks 9 to 16, is the "Dark Side".{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} Nonetheless, the album carries the single "[[I Get Around (Tupac Shakur song)|I Get Around]]", a party anthem featuring Digital Underground's [[Shock G]] and [[Money-B]], which became Shakur's breakthrough, reaching No. 11 on the pop singles chart, the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref name="Billboard" /> And it carries the optimistic compassion of another hit, "[[Keep Ya Head Up]]", an anthem for [[women's empowerment]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 17, 2011 |title=The Feminism of Tupac |url=https://www.epl.org/the-feminism-of-tupac/ |access-date=April 11, 2022 |website=Evanston Public Library |language=en-US}}</ref> The album was certified [[Platinum certification|Platinum]], with a million copies sold. As of 2004, among Shakur albums, including posthumous and compilation albums, ''Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...'' was 10th in sales at about 1,366,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web|title={{Not a typo|Remebering}} Tupac: His Musical Legacy and His Top Selling Albums |url=http://atlantapost.com/2010/09/16/tupacs-album-sales-and-his-persisting-legacy56988/ |publisher=Atlantapost.com|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220212220/http://atlantapost.com/2010/09/16/tupacs-album-sales-and-his-persisting-legacy56988/ |archive-date=February 20, 2011|access-date=March 10, 2012}}</ref>

=== Thug Life ===
[[File:2Pac_-_Dear_Mamma-Old_School_(test_pressing_single)_(Side_A).jpg|right|thumb|The [[White label|test pressing]] single for "[[Dear Mama]]": the Platinum single is among the top-ranked songs in hip-hop history.]]
In late 1993, Shakur formed the group [[Thug Life]] with Tyrus "[[Big Syke]]" Himes, Diron "Macadoshis" Rivers, his stepbrother [[Mopreme Shakur]], and Walter "Rated R" Burns.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Jake |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D03tbYix8y4C&dq=Thug+Life+Big+Syke+Mopreme+Shakur&pg=PA16 |title=Tupac Shakur, (2-Pac) in the Studio: The Studio Years (1989–1996) |date=2005 |publisher=Amber Books Publishing |isbn=978-0-9767735-0-4 |pages=16 |language=en}}</ref> Thug Life released its only album, ''[[Thug Life, Volume I]]'', on October 11, 1994, which is certified Gold. It carries the single "Pour Out a Little Liquor", produced by [[Johnny "J"|Johnny "J" Jackson]], who would also produce much of Shakur's album ''All Eyez on Me''. Usually, Thug Life performed live without Tupac.<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Thug Life: Vol. 1 |date=1994 |medium=CD}}</ref>

The track also appears on the 1994 film ''[[Above the Rim]]''{{'s}} soundtrack. Due to [[gangsta rap]] being under heavy criticism at the time, the album's original version was scrapped, and the album redone with mostly new tracks. Still, along with Stretch, Tupac would perform the first planned single, "Out on Bail", which was never released, at the 1994 Source Awards.<ref>{{cite web|title=2Pac – Out On Bail (live 1994)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZiubB9awJUA|date=January 8, 2007|publisher=YouTube|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226224847/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZiubB9awJUA|archive-date=February 26, 2013|access-date=March 12, 2012}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=March 2020}}

=== The Notorious B.I.G. and Junior M.A.F.I.A. ===
{{See also|The Notorious B.I.G.}}
In 1993, while visiting Los Angeles, [[the Notorious B.I.G.]] asked a local drug dealer to introduce him to Shakur and they quickly became friends. The pair would socialize when Shakur went to New York or B.I.G. to Los Angeles.<ref name="Westhoff-2016">{{cite web|last=Westhoff|first=Ben|date=September 12, 2016|title=How Tupac and B.I.G. went from friends to deadly rivals|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/gqkqz3/tupac-biggie-friends-to-foes|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814121519/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/gqkqz3/tupac-biggie-friends-to-foes|archive-date=August 14, 2020|access-date=May 16, 2020|work=[[Vice.com]]}}</ref> During this period, at his own live shows, Shakur would call B.I.G. onto stage to rap with him and Stretch.<ref name="Westhoff-2016" /> Together, they recorded the songs "[[Runnin' from tha Police]]" and "House of Pain".

Reportedly, B.I.G. asked Shakur to manage him, whereupon Shakur advised him that [[Sean Combs]] would make him a star.<ref name="Westhoff-2016" /> Yet in the meantime, Shakur's lifestyle was comparatively lavish to B.I.G. who had not yet established himself.<ref name="Westhoff-2016" /> Shakur welcomed B.I.G. to join his side group Thug Life, but he would instead form his own side group, the [[Junior M.A.F.I.A.]], with his Brooklyn friends [[Lil' Cease]] and [[Lil' Kim]]. Shakur had a falling out with B.I.G. after he was shot at Quad Studios in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Anderson|first=Joel|date=October 30, 2019|title=The Moment Tupac and Biggie Went From Friends to Enemies|url=https://slate.com/culture/2019/10/slow-burn-season-3-tupac-biggie.html|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=Slate Magazine|language=en}}</ref>

=== ''Me Against the World'' ===
{{Main|Me Against the World}}
Shakur's third album, ''Me Against the World,'' was released while he was incarcerated in March 1995.<ref name="Bierut-2021">{{Cite web|last=Bierut|first=Patrick|date=March 14, 2021|title='Me Against The World': How 2Pac Transcended Hip-Hop's Trappings|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/2pac-me-against-the-world-album/|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=uDiscover Music|language=en-US}}</ref> It is now hailed as his [[Masterpiece|magnum opus]], and commonly ranks among the greatest, most influential rap albums.<ref name="Bierut-2021" /> The album debuted at No. 1 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] and sold 240,000 copies in its first week, setting a then record for highest first-week sales for a solo male rapper.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Ramirez|first=Erika|date=April 1, 2015|title=Tupac's 'Me Against the World' Topped Billboard 200 20 Years Ago Today: A Retrospective|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/tupac-me-against-the-world-anniversary-6517174/|access-date=December 12, 2021|magazine=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=October 11, 2004 |title=Timeline: 25 Years of Rap Records |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3734910.stm |url-status=live |access-date=January 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330160559/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3734910.stm |archive-date=March 30, 2009}}</ref>

The lead single, "[[Dear Mama]]", was released in February 1995 with "Old School" as the [[A-side and B-side|B-side]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dear Mama (US Single #1) at AllMusic |url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r225253|pure_url=yes}} |website=AllMusic|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020060658/http://allmusic.com/album/r225253 |archive-date=October 20, 2010 |access-date=March 20, 2009}}</ref> It is the album's most successful single, topping the [[Hot Rap Songs|Hot Rap Singles]] chart, and peaking at No. 9 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.<ref name="AllMusic-r231489" /> In July, it was certified Platinum.<ref name="2PacRIAAStats2">{{cite web|title=RIAA – Gold & Platinum – May 13, 2009 : Search Results – 2 Pac|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=2%20Pac&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904025001/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=2%20Pac&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25|archive-date=September 4, 2015|access-date=May 14, 2009}}</ref> It ranked No. 51 on the [[Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1995|year-end charts]]. The second single, "[[So Many Tears]]", was released in June 1995,<ref>{{cite web|title=So Many Tears (EP) at AllMusic|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r225255|pure_url=yes}}|website=AllMusic|access-date=March 22, 2009}}</ref> reaching No. 6 on the Hot Rap Singles chart and No. 44 on Hot 100.<ref name="AllMusic-r231489" /> The final single, "[[Temptations (song)|Temptations]]", was released in August 1995.<ref>{{cite web|title=Temptations (CD/Cassette Single) at AllMusic|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r335055|pure_url=yes}}|website=AllMusic|access-date=March 22, 2009}}</ref> It reached No. 68 on the Hot 100, No. 35 on the [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks]], and No. 13 on the Hot Rap Singles.<ref name="AllMusic-r231489" /> Several celebrities showed their support for Shakur by appearing in the music video for "Temptations".<ref name="Hochman-1995" />

Shakur won best rap album at the [[1996 Soul Train Music Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Appleford | first = Steve |date=April 1, 1996 |title=It's a Soul Train Awards Joy Ride for TLC, D'Angelo |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1996-04-01/entertainment/ca-53511_1_soul-train|url-status=live |access-date=October 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026173412/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-04-01/entertainment/ca-53511_1_soul-train |archive-date=October 26, 2014}}</ref> In 2001, it ranked 4th among his total albums in sales, with about 3&nbsp;million copies sold in the US.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tupac Month: 2Pac's Discography |url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2011/09/tupac-month-2pacs-discography/#2|url-status=live |access-date=May 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013210446/http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2011/09/tupac-month-2pacs-discography/ |archive-date=October 13, 2013}}</ref>

=== ''All Eyez on Me'' ===
{{Main|All Eyez on Me}}

While Shakur was imprisoned in 1995, his mother was about to lose her house. Shakur had his wife Keisha Morris contact [[Death Row Records]] founder [[Suge Knight]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Westhoff-2016" /> Reportedly, Shakur's mother promptly received $15,000.<ref name="Westhoff-2016" /> After an August visit to [[Clinton Correctional Facility]] in northern New York state, Knight traveled southward to New York City to attend the 2nd Annual Source Awards ceremony. Meanwhile, an [[East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry]] was brewing between Death Row and [[Bad Boy Records]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=How the 1995 Source Awards Changed Rap Forever|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2015/08/how-the-1995-source-awards-changed-rap-forever|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=Complex|language=en}}</ref> In October 1995, Knight visited Shakur in prison again and posted $1.4&nbsp;million bond.<ref name="Parker-2007">{{cite book | first1 = Derrick | last1 = Parker | first2 = Matt | last2 = Diehl | title = Notorious C.O.P.: The Inside Story of the Tupac, Biggie, and Jam Master Jay Investigations from the NYPD's First "Hip-Hop Cop" | location = New York | publisher = St. Martin's Griffin | year = 2007 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aW1CdaYjwDgC&pg=PA113 | pages = 113–116 | isbn = 9781429907781 | access-date = May 20, 2020 | archive-date = September 15, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200915032409/https://books.google.com/books?id=aW1CdaYjwDgC&pg=PA113 | url-status = live }}</ref> Shakur returned to Los Angeles and joined Death Row with the appeal of his December 1994 conviction pending.<ref name="Parker-2007" />

Shakur's fourth album, ''All Eyez on Me'', arrived on February 13, 1996. It was rap's first double album—meeting two of the three albums due in Shakur's contract with Death Row—and bore five singles.<ref>''XXL Magazine'', October 2004, p. 104.</ref> The album shows Shakur [[gangsta rap|rapping about the gangsta lifestyle]], leaving behind his previous political messages. With standout production, the album has more party tracks and often a triumphant tone.<ref name="AllMusic-r231489">{{cite web | url = {{AllMusic|class=album|id=r231489|pure_url=yes}} | title = 2Pac – ''All Eyez on Me'' | first = Steve | last = Huey | date = n.d. | work = [[AllMusic]] |access-date=July 28, 2010}}</ref> Music journalist [[Kevin Powell]] noted that Shakur, once released from prison, became more aggressive, and "seemed like a completely transformed person".<ref name="Reese-2021">{{cite news |last1=Reese |first1=Alexis |title=Tupac Talks Quad Studios Shooting in Kevin Powell Interview |url=https://www.bet.com/article/88dkri/tupac-talks-quad-studios-shooting-in-kevin-powell-interview |access-date=December 15, 2021 |work=BET |date=December 15, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

As Shakur's second album to hit No. 1 on both the [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]] chart and the pop albums chart, the ''Billboard'' 200,<ref name="AllMusic-r231489"/> it sold 566,000 copies in its first week and was it was [[RIAA certification|certified]] 5× Multi-Platinum in April.<ref>{{cite news|last=Phillips|first=Chuck|date=July 31, 2003|title=As Associates Fall, Is 'Suge' Knight Next?|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/la-fi-suge1aug01-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124070530/http://www.latimes.com/local/la-fi-suge1aug01-story.html|archive-date=November 24, 2015}}</ref> The singles "[[How Do U Want It]]" and "[[California Love]]" reached No. 1 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Corpuz|first=Kristin|date=June 16, 2020|title=Tupac's Biggest Billboard Hot 100 Hits|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/tupac-billboard-hot-100-hits/|access-date=December 12, 2021|magazine=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> Death Row released Shakur's diss track "[[Hit 'Em Up]]" as the non-album B-side to "How Do U Want It". In this venomous tirade, the proclaimed "Bad Boy killer" threatens violent payback on all things Bad Boy — B.I.G., Sean Combs, Junior M.A.F.I.A., the company — and on any in the East Coast rap scene, like rap duo [[Mobb Deep]] and rapper [[Chino XL]], who allegedly had commented against Shakur about the dispute.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Williams|first=Stereo|date=June 4, 2016|title=Tupac's 'Hit 'Em Up': The Most Savage Diss Track Ever Turns 20|language=en|work=The Daily Beast|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/06/04/tupac-s-hit-em-up-the-most-savage-diss-track-ever-turns-20|access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref>

''All Eyez on Me'' won R&B/Soul or Rap Album of the Year at the [[1997 Soul Train Music Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/maxwell_tupac_top_soul_train_awards/34166 |title=Maxwell, Tupac Top Soul Train Awards |publisher=E! Online |date=March 7, 1997 |access-date=December 10, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606175431/http://www.eonline.com/news/maxwell_tupac_top_soul_train_awards/34166 |archive-date=June 6, 2012}}</ref> At the [[1997 American Music Awards]], Shakur won Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1997/amas.htm |title=24th American Music Awards |publisher=Rock on the Net |access-date=October 26, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026173851/http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1997/amas.htm |archive-date=October 26, 2014}}</ref> The album was certified 9× Multi-Platinum in June 1998,<ref>{{cite web|title=RIAA – Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&title=All%20Eyez%20on%20Me&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25|publisher=Riaa.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904025001/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&title=All%20Eyez%20on%20Me&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25|archive-date=September 4, 2015|access-date=January 7, 2012}}</ref> and 10× in July 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=RIAA – Gold & Platinum Searchable Database – March 09, 2015|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database|website=riaa.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104132513/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database|archive-date=January 4, 2013|access-date=March 9, 2015}}</ref>

===Posthumous albums===

At the time of his death, a fifth and final solo album was already finished, ''[[The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory]]'', under the stage name Makaveli. It had been recorded in one week in August 1996 and released that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ca.music.yahoo.com/read/news/12056616 |title=Music News, Interviews, Pics, and Gossip: Yahoo! Music |publisher=Ca.music.yahoo.com |date=April 20, 2011 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327075641/http://ca.music.yahoo.com/read/news/12056616 |archive-date=March 27, 2012}}</ref><ref>''XXL Magazine'', October 2003.</ref> The lyrics were written and recorded in three days, and mixing took another four days. In 2005, MTV.com ranked ''The 7 Day Theory'' at No. 9 among hip hop's greatest albums ever,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/h/hip_hop_week/2005/greatest_albums_0505/index3.jhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050507152454/http://www.mtv.com/bands/h/hip_hop_week/2005/greatest_albums_0505/index3.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 7, 2005 |title=The Greatest Hip-Hop Albums Of All Time |publisher=MTV.com |date=March 9, 2006 |access-date=February 14, 2012}}</ref> and by 2006 a classic album.<ref name="mtv greatest">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/h/hip_hop_week/2006/emcees/index10.jhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060413234303/http://www.mtv.com/bands/h/hip_hop_week/2006/emcees/index10.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 13, 2006 |title=The Greatest MCs Of All Time |work=MTV.com |date=March 9, 2006 |access-date=February 14, 2012}}</ref> Its singular poignance, through hurt and rage, contemplation and vendetta, resonate with many fans.<ref>''XXL Magazine'', October 2006.</ref>

According to George "Papa G" Pryce, Death Row Records' then director of [[public relations]], the album was meant to be "underground", and was not intended for release before the artist was murdered.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05imWUtMazM |title=Tupac The Workaholic. (MYCOMEUP.COM) |publisher=YouTube |date=February 11, 2010 |access-date=November 24, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226224815/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05imWUtMazM |archive-date=February 26, 2013}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=March 2020}} It peaked at No. 1 on ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''{{'s}} [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]] chart and on the ''Billboard'' 200,<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r241166/charts-awards|pure_url=yes}} ''The Don Killuminati''] chart peaks on [[AllMusic]].</ref> with the second-highest debut-week sales total of any album that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1996-11-14/entertainment/ca-64364_1_don-killuminati |title=All Eyes on Shakur's 'Don Killuminati' |work=Los Angeles Times |date=October 23, 1997 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915073805/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-11-14/entertainment/ca-64364_1_don-killuminati |archive-date=September 15, 2011}}</ref> On June 15, 1999, it was certified 4× Multi-Platinum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database |title=Recording Industry Association of America |publisher=RIAA |access-date=February 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104132513/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database |archive-date=January 4, 2013}}</ref>

Later posthumous albums are archival productions, these albums are:

* ''[[R U Still Down? (Remember Me)|R U Still Down?]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Greatest Hits (2Pac album)|Greatest Hits]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Still I Rise (album)|Still I Rise]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Until the End of Time (Tupac Shakur album)|Until the End of Time]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Better Dayz]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Loyal to the Game]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Pac's Life]]'' (2006)<ref>

The [[2008 Universal Studios fire|2008 fire sustained by University Music Group lost]], among archives of hundreds of other artists, some of Tupac's [Jody Rosen, [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/25/magazine/universal-music-fire-bands-list-umg.html "Here are hundreds more artists whose tapes were destroyed in the UMG fire"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123010002/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/25/magazine/universal-music-fire-bands-list-umg.html |date=November 23, 2019 }}, ''New York Times'', June 25, 2019].</ref>

==Film career==
Shakur's first film appearance was in the 1991 film ''[[Nothing but Trouble (1991 film)|Nothing but Trouble]]'', a [[Cameo appearance|cameo]] by the Digital Underground. In 1992, he starred in ''[[Juice (1992 film)|Juice]]'', where he plays the fictional Roland Bishop, a militant and haunting individual. ''Rolling Stone''{{'}}s [[Peter Travers]] calls him "the film's most magnetic figure".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alleyezonme.com/ |title=2Pac biography |publisher=Alleyezonme.com |access-date=January 7, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114161717/http://www.alleyezonme.com/ |archive-date=January 14, 2012}}</ref>

In 1993, Shakur starred alongside [[Janet Jackson]] in [[John Singleton]]'s romance film, ''[[Poetic Justice (film)|Poetic Justice]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Williams|first=Stereo|date=February 3, 2019|title=John Singleton on That Tupac AIDS Test: 'That Was a Joke!'|language=en|work=The Daily Beast|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/john-singleton-looks-back-on-poetic-justice-tupac-janet-jackson-and-that-aids-test-rumor|access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref> Singleton later fired Shakur from the 1995 film ''[[Higher Learning]]'' because the studio would not finance the film following his arrest.<ref name="Powell-2021" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Paine|first=Jake|date=December 1, 2017|title=Michael Rapaport Reveals Tupac, Leo & More Were Part Of The Original "Higher Learning" Cast (Video)|url=https://ambrosiaforheads.com/2017/11/higher-learning-tupac-leonardo-dipcaprio-cast-video/|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=Ambrosia For Heads|language=en-US}}</ref> For the lead role in the eventual 2001 film ''[[Baby Boy (film)|Baby Boy]]'', a role played by [[Tyrese Gibson]], Singleton originally had Shakur in mind.<ref>{{cite web|first=Greg | last = Tate |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0126,tate,25915,1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101004728/http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0126%2Ctate%2C25915%2C1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 1, 2005 |title=Sex & Negrocity by Greg Tate |publisher=Villagevoice.com |date=June 26, 2001 |access-date=January 7, 2012}}</ref> Ultimately, the [[set design]] includes a Shakur mural in the protagonist's bedroom, and the film's score includes Shakur's song "[[Hail Mary (2Pac song)|Hail Mary]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rapbasement.com/hip-hop/god-bless-the-dead/2pac.html |title=FILM |publisher=rapbasement.com |access-date=July 28, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825001905/http://www.rapbasement.com/hip-hop/god-bless-the-dead/2pac.html |archive-date=August 25, 2010|date=April 10, 2008}}</ref>

Director [[Allen Hughes (director)|Allen Hughes]] had cast Shakur as Sharif in the 1993 film ''[[Menace II Society]]'', but replaced him once Shakur assaulted him on set due to a discrepancy with the script. Nonetheless, in 2013, Hughes appraises that Shakur would have outshone the other actors "because he was bigger than the movie".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1708225/menace-ii-society-tupac-shakur/ |title=Tupac Would Have 'Outshined' 'Menace II Society,' Director Admits |date=May 30, 2013 |first=Rob |last=Markman |publisher=MTV |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101190821/http://www.mtv.com/news/1708225/menace-ii-society-tupac-shakur/ |archive-date=January 1, 2016}}</ref>

Shakur played a gangster called Birdie in the 1994 film ''[[Above the Rim]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tinsley|first=Justin|date=March 22, 2019|title=A look back at 'Above the Rim' on its 25th anniversary|url=https://andscape.com/features/a-look-back-at-above-the-rim-on-its-25th-anniversary/|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=[[Andscape]]|language=en-US}}</ref> By some accounts, that character had been modeled after former New York drug dealer [[Jacques Agnant|Jacques "Haitian Jack" Agnant]],<ref name="Rodriguez-2011a">{{cite magazine|last=Rodriguez|first=Jason|date=September 2011|title=Pit of snakes|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/news/2011/09/pit-of-snakes-2pacs-quad-studios-shooting-excerpt-from-sept-2011-issue|url-status=live|magazine=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]] Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219061305/http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2011/09/pit-of-snakes-2pacs-quad-studios-shooting-excerpt-from-sept-2011-issue/|archive-date=February 19, 2019|access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref> who managed and promoted rappers.<ref>{{cite web|last=Goldberg|first=Lesley|date=January 23, 2017|title=Haitian Jack hip-hop miniseries in the works (exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/haitian-jack-hip-hop-miniseries-works-967201|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627233640/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/haitian-jack-hip-hop-miniseries-works-967201|archive-date=June 27, 2020|access-date=May 20, 2020|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Shakur was introduced to him at a Queens nightclub.<ref name="Westhoff-2016" /> Reportedly, B.I.G. advised Shakur to avoid him, but Shakur disregarded the warning.<ref name="Westhoff-2016" /> Through Haitian Jack, Shakur met [[Jimmy Henchman|James "Jimmy Henchman" Rosemond]], also a drug dealer who doubled as music manager.<ref name="Rodriguez-2011a" />

Soon after Shakur's death, three more films starring him were released, ''[[Bullet (1996 film)|Bullet]]'' (1996), ''[[Gridlock'd]]'' (1997), and ''[[Gang Related]]'' (1997).<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,286619,00.html |title=Gridlock'd |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=July 28, 2010 |date=January 31, 1997 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307181059/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C286619%2C00.html |archive-date=March 7, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=gangrelated.htm |title=Gang Related |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=July 28, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904033649/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=gangrelated.htm |archive-date=September 4, 2010}}</ref>

=== Posthumous rumored roles and ''Star Wars'' ===

It was rumored that Shakur was being considered by [[George Lucas]] to portray [[Jedi|Jedi Master]] [[Mace Windu]] in the ''[[Star Wars]]'' prequel films (1999–2005). According to former [[Death Row Records]] chief engineer Rick Clifford, George Lucas was eyeing Tupac to star in his return to the "Star Wars" saga. Clifford talked about how understandably excited Tupac was for the role, "'Pac found out that I worked for Brian Austin Green, who was on ''90210'', then he found out I [worked on] some movies, so we always talked about his film career and stuff. [...] He was telling me that he was supposed to read for George Lucas and them. They wanted him to be a Jedi. I'm serious. Samuel L. [Jackson] got Tupac's part. [Tupac] said [to me], 'Old man, keep your fingers crossed.' He said, 'I've got three movies coming up. One of them, I've got to read for George Lucas."<ref name="jedi" >{{cite magazine |last1=Grow |first1=Kory |title=Tupac Shakur Auditioned to Be a Jedi in 'Star Wars': Report |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tupac-shakur-auditioned-to-be-a-jedi-in-star-wars-report-245892/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |publisher=rollingstone.com |access-date=June 11, 2023}}</ref>

[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace|The Phantom Menace]] script had begun being written in 1996 and the eventual film seeing release in 1999. Lucas had asked Jackson to ask Shakur to audition but due to Shakur's untimely death the role ultimately went to [[Samuel L. Jackson]]. The two had worked on the film ''[[Juice (1992 film)|Juice]]'' together. The character's bald appearance could have also been an homage to Shakur.<ref name="jedi" />

==Personal life==
In his 1995 interview with ''Vibe'' magazine, Shakur listed [[Jada Pinkett]], [[Jasmine Guy]], [[Treach]] and [[Mickey Rourke]] among the people who were looking out for him while he was in prison.<ref name="Powell-2021">{{Cite web|last=Powell|first=Kevin|date=February 14, 2021|title=Revisit Tupac's April 1995 Cover Story: 'READY TO LIVE'|url=https://www.vibe.com/features/editorial/tupac-april-1995-cover-story-ready-to-live-686969/|access-date=December 11, 2021|website=VIBE.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Shakur also mentioned that [[Madonna]] was a supportive friend.<ref name="Powell-2021" /> Madonna later revealed that they had dated in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 12, 2015|title=Madonna confirms that she once dated Tupac Shakur|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/madonna-62-1216088|access-date=August 5, 2020|website=NME|archive-date=August 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825211642/https://www.nme.com/news/music/madonna-62-1216088|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Grow|first=Kory|date=July 11, 2019|title=Tupac's Private Apology to Madonna Could Be Yours for $100,000|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tupac-madonna-letter-auction-858080/|access-date=August 5, 2020|magazine=Rolling Stone|archive-date=August 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820053733/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tupac-madonna-letter-auction-858080/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Shakur met Jada Pinkett while attending the Baltimore School for the Arts.<ref name="Carras-2021">{{Cite web|last=Carras|first=Christi|date=June 16, 2021|title=To mark Tupac Shakur's 50th birthday, Jada Pinkett Smith remembers what a poet he was|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2021-06-16/tupac-shakur-birthday-jada-pinkett-smith-poem|access-date=December 11, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> She appeared in his music videos "Keep Ya Head Up" and "Temptations".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pough|first=Gwendolyn D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPPwCgAAQBAJ&dq=keep+your+head+up+jada+pinkett+video&pg=PA134|title=Check It While I Wreck It: Black Womanhood, Hip-Hop Culture, and the Public Sphere|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn=978-1-55553-854-5|pages=134|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hochman-1995">{{Cite web|last=Hochman|first=Steve|date=September 24, 1995|title=2Pac's Pals Turn Out for Tupac-Less Video|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-09-24-ca-49355-story.html|access-date=December 11, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> She also came up with the concept for his "California Love" music video and had intended to direct it, but she removed herself from the project.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=McQuillar |first1=Tayannah Lee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjsycSVeoh8C&q=california+love+jada+pinkett+video+mad+max&pg=PA172 |title=Tupac Shakur: The Life and Times of an American Icon |last2=Johnson |first2=Fred L. |date=January 26, 2010 |publisher=Hachette Books |isbn=978-0-7867-4593-7 |pages=172 |language=en}}</ref> In 1995, Pinkett contributed $100,000 towards Shakur's bail as he awaited an appeal on his sexual abuse conviction.<ref name="Jet-1995">{{Cite journal|date=February 13, 1995|title=Jada Pinkett Gives $100,000 To Help Rapper Tupac Shakur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jDkDAAAAMBAJ&dq=jada+tupac+1995+jet&pg=PA30|journal=Jet|pages=30}}</ref> Speaking about Pinkett, Shakur stated: "Jada is my heart. She will be my friend for my whole life"; and Pinkett said he was "one of my best friends. He was like a brother. It was beyond friendship for us. The type of relationship we had, you only get that once in a lifetime."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wallace|first=Irving|title=The intimate sex lives of famous people|date=2008|publisher=[[Feral House]]|isbn=978-1932595291|edition=Rev.|location=Port Townsend, Washington|pages=303|oclc=646836355}}</ref>

After Shakur was shot in 1994, he recuperated at Jasmine Guy's home.<ref name="Anderson-2020">{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Joel |date=February 14, 2020 |title=Slow Burn Season 3, Episode 1: Against the World |url=https://slate.com/culture/2020/02/transcript-of-slow-burn-season-3-episode-1.html |access-date=December 11, 2021 |website=Slate Magazine |language=en}}</ref> They had met during his guest appearance on the sitcom ''[[A Different World]]'' in 1993.<ref name="Anderson-2020" /> Guy appeared in his music video "Temptations" and later wrote his mother's 2004 biography, ''Afeni Shakur: Evolution of a Revolutionary''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 1, 2004|title=Nonfiction Book Review: Afeni Shakur: Evolution of a Revolutionary by Jasmine Guy|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-7434-7053-7|access-date=December 11, 2021|website=PublishersWeekly.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hochman-1995" />

Shakur befriended Treach when they were both roadies on Public Enemy's tour in 1990.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Monjauze|first=Molly|url=https://archive.org/details/tupacremembered0000monj|title=Tupac remembered|newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|year=2008|isbn=9781932855760|pages=69|oclc=181069620|url-access=registration}}</ref> He made a cameo in [[Naughty by Nature]]'s music video "[[Uptown Anthem]]" in 1992.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rausch|first=Andrew J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2Mw9RthEr0C&dq=naughty+by+nature+tupac+uptown&pg=PA89|title=I Am Hip-Hop: Conversations on the Music and Culture|date=April 1, 2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7792-4|pages=89|language=en}}</ref> Treach collaborated with Shakur on his song "5 Deadly Venomz" and appeared in his music video "Temptations".<ref name="Hochman-1995" /> Treach was also a speaker at a public memorial service for Shakur in 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bandini|date=May 20, 2017|title=Treach Flies To L.A. & Wages War To Protect Tupac's Legacy|url=https://ambrosiaforheads.com/2017/05/treach-tupac-beef-wack-100/|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=Ambrosia For Heads|language=en-US}}</ref>

Shakur and Mickey Rourke formed a bond while filming the movie ''[[Bullet (1996 film)|Bullet]]'' in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stratton|first=David|date=April 6, 1997|title=Bullet|url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/bullet-1117436647/|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> Rourke recalled that Shakur "was there for me during some very hard times."<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 21, 2017|title=Mickey Rourke Is Mad About Funkmaster Flex's Tupac Conspiracy Theory|url=https://www.spin.com/2017/05/mickey-rourke-funkmaster-flex-tupac-conspiracy-theory/|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}</ref>

Shakur had friendships with other celebrities, including [[Mike Tyson]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Meara |first=Paul |date=November 4, 2015 |title=That Time Tupac Visited Mike Tyson in Prison |publisher=BET |url=http://www.bet.com/news/music/2015/11/04/mike-tyson-remembers-when-tupac-visited-him-in-prison.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101190821/http://www.bet.com/news/music/2015/11/04/mike-tyson-remembers-when-tupac-visited-him-in-prison.html|archive-date=January 1, 2016}}</ref> [[Chuck D]],<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Grow |first=Kory |date=June 23, 2014 |title=Read Tupac Shakur's Heartfelt Letter to Public Enemy's Chuck D |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/read-tupac-shakurs-heartfelt-letter-to-public-enemys-chuck-d-20140623 |magazine=Rolling Stone |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101190821/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/read-tupac-shakurs-heartfelt-letter-to-public-enemys-chuck-d-20140623 |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jim Carrey]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Smithfield|first=Brad|date=February 4, 2017|title=Jim Carrey wrote humorous letters to Tupac to cheer him up while in prison|work=Vintage News|url=https://m.thevintagenews.com/2017/02/04/jim-carrey-wrote-humorous-letters-to-tupac-to-cheer-him-up-while-in-prison/|access-date=February 4, 2017|archive-date=November 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117122954/https://m.thevintagenews.com/2017/02/04/jim-carrey-wrote-humorous-letters-to-tupac-to-cheer-him-up-while-in-prison/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Alanis Morissette]]. In April 1996, Shakur said that he, Morrissette, Snoop Dogg, and Suge Knight were planning to open a restaurant together.<ref>{{cite web|title=2Pac – KMEL 1996 Full Interview with Sway|website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2uU3FEpn3E|access-date=August 7, 2019|archive-date=September 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902013555/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2uU3FEpn3E&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Happened (Interview by Sway)|url=https://genius.com/2pac-what-happened-interview-by-sway-annotated|website=genius.com|access-date=August 7, 2019|archive-date=August 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807033608/https://genius.com/2pac-what-happened-interview-by-sway-annotated|url-status=live}}</ref>

On April 29, 1995, Shakur married his then girlfriend Keisha Morris, a [[pre-law]] student.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Golus|first=Carrie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EN-lAgAAQBAJ&q=keisha+morris+tupac+february+1996&pg=PA62|title=Tupac Shakur: Hip-Hop Idol|date=August 1, 2010|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=978-0-7613-5473-4|pages=62}}</ref><ref name="xxl">{{cite news|date=September 15, 2011|title=Love is Not Enough: 2Pac's Ex-Wife, Keisha Morris|work=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]]|publisher=Townsquare Media|location=New York City|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2011/09/love-is-not-enough-tupacs-wife-keisha-morris-excerpt-from-the-sept-2011-issue/|access-date=March 13, 2018|archive-date=March 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314043447/http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2011/09/love-is-not-enough-tupacs-wife-keisha-morris-excerpt-from-the-sept-2011-issue/|url-status=live}}</ref> Their marriage was annulled ten months later.<ref name="xxl" />

In a 1993 interview published in ''[[The Source]]'', Shakur criticized record producer [[Quincy Jones]] for his [[interracial marriage]] to actress [[Peggy Lipton]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Rashida Jones: The I Love You, Man Interview|url=https://lasentinel.net/rashida-jones-the-i-love-you-man-interview.html|last=Williams|first=Kam|date=March 12, 2009|publisher=LA Sentinel|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029214147/http://www.lasentinel.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6459%3Arashida-jones-the-i-love-you-man-interview&catid=60&Itemid=150|archive-date=October 29, 2013|access-date=October 6, 2018}}</ref> Their daughter [[Rashida Jones]] responded with an irate open letter.<ref>{{cite news|last=Freeman|first=Hadley|date=February 14, 2014|title=Rashida Jones: 'There's more than one way to be a woman and be sexy'|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2014/feb/14/rashida-jones-quincy-parks-recreation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221215358/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2014/feb/14/rashida-jones-quincy-parks-recreation|archive-date=December 21, 2016}}</ref> Shakur later apologized to her sister [[Kidada Jones]], who he began dating in 1996.<ref name="Jones-2002">{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Quincy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zs1ixtkcJU8C&q=tupac |title=Q: The Autobiography of Quincy Jones |date=2002 |publisher=Broadway Books |isbn=978-0-7679-0510-7 |pages=249 |language=en}}</ref> Shakur and Jones attended [[Men's Fashion Week]] in Milan and walked the runway together for a [[Versace]] fashion show.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Alexander |first1=Frank |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rTHNBvVBXwC&q=milan |title=Got Your Back: Protecting Tupac in the World of Gangsta Rap |last2=Cuda |first2=Heidi Siegmund |date=January 10, 2000 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-24299-2 |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> Jones was at their hotel in Las Vegas when Shakur was shot.<ref name="vanityfair">{{cite magazine|last=Anson|first=Robert Sam|date=March 1997|title=To Die Like A Gangsta|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/1997/03/tupac-shakur-rap-death|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|access-date=June 15, 2018|archive-date=May 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519203108/https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/1997/03/tupac-shakur-rap-death|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Legal issues==

=== Sexual assault case, prison sentence, appeal and release ===

In November 1993, Shakur and two other men were charged in New York with [[sodomy|sodomizing]] a woman in Shakur's hotel room. The woman, Ayanna Jackson, alleged that after she performed oral sex on Shakur at the public dance floor of a Manhattan nightclub, she went to his hotel room a later day, when Shakur, record executive [[Jacques Agnant|Jacques "Haitian Jack" Agnant]], Shakur's road manager Charles Fuller and an unidentified fourth man apprehended and forced her to perform non-consensual oral sex on each of them.<ref name="Perez-Pena-1994" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Gladwell|first=Malcolm|date=December 2, 1994|title=Rapper Shakur guilty of sex abuse, not guilty of sodomy and gun charges|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/12/02/shakur-guilty-of-sex-abuse/08202f80-426e-42ee-af79-e0b3abf0f7b3/|access-date=January 6, 2022|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>  Shakur was also charged with [[illegal possession of a firearm]] as two guns were found in the hotel room.<ref name="James-1995" /> Interviewed on ''[[The Arsenio Hall Show]]'', Shakur said he was hurt that "a woman would accuse me of taking something from her", as he had been raised in a female household and surrounded by women his whole life.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tupac Shakur interview with "The Arsenio Hall Show" in 1994 [VIDEO&#93;|url=http://www.hip-hopvibe.com/2012/03/07/tupac-shakur-interview-with-the-arsenio-hall-show-in-1994-video/|author=TBTEntGroup on|date=March 7, 2012|publisher=Hip-hopvibe.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221084324/http://www.hip-hopvibe.com/2012/03/07/tupac-shakur-interview-with-the-arsenio-hall-show-in-1994-video/|archive-date=December 21, 2013|access-date=September 13, 2013}}</ref>

On December 1, 1994, Shakur was acquitted of three counts of sodomy and the associated gun charges, but convicted of two counts of first-degree sexual abuse for "forcibly touching the woman's buttocks" in his hotel room.<ref name="Perez-Pena-1994">{{Cite news|last=Perez-Pena|first=Richard|date=December 2, 1994|title=Wounded Rapper Gets Mixed Verdict In Sex-Abuse Case|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/02/nyregion/wounded-rapper-gets-mixed-verdict-in-sex-abuse-case.html|access-date=December 11, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="not-a-ganster" /> Jurors have said the lack of evidence stymied a sodomy conviction.<ref name="Vibe-1995">{{Cite journal|date=February 1995|title=Sweatin' Bullets: Tupac Shakur Dodges Death but Can't Beat the Rap|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fy0EAAAAMBAJ&dq=november+1993+tupac+police+atlanta&pg=PA23|journal=Vibe|pages=23}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
In February 1995, he was sentenced to 18 months to {{Fraction|4|1|2}} years in prison by a judge who decried "an act of brutal violence against a helpless woman".<ref name="James-1995">{{Cite news|last=James | first = George|date=February 8, 1995|title=Rapper Faces Prison Term For Sex Abuse|page=B1|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/08/nyregion/rapper-faces-prison-term-for-sex-abuse.html|url-status=live|access-date=March 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405111309/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/08/nyregion/rapper-faces-prison-term-for-sex-abuse.html|archive-date=April 5, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Olan|first=Helaine|date=February 8, 1995|title=Rapper Shakur Gets Prison for Assault|page=A4|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Shakur's lawyer characterized the sentence as "out of line" with the groping conviction and the setting of bail at $3&nbsp;million as "inhumane". Shakur's accuser later filed a civil suit against Shakur seeking $10&nbsp;million for punitive damages which was subsequently [[Settlement (litigation)|settled]].<ref name="Takedown">{{cite magazine|first=Connie|last=Bruck|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/07/07/the-takedown-of-tupac|title=The Takedown of Tupac|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|date=June 29, 1997|access-date=November 13, 2019|archive-date=November 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107130039/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/07/07/the-takedown-of-tupac|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=January 22, 1996|title=Doe v. Shakur (civil case)|url=https://casetext.com/case/jane-doe-plaintiff-v-tupac-a-shakur-and-charles-l-fuller-defendants?__cf_chl_f_tk=r9paSmBXDBK.XIRWIh.zgwssVpY1Rw9UP1.2E4khbuI-1642425136-0-gaNycGzNCT0|website=Casetext}}</ref>

After Shakur had been convicted of sexual abuse, Jacques Agnant's case was separated and closed via misdemeanor plea without incarceration.<ref name="Westhoff-2016" /><ref>{{cite AV media | people = Metzler, David (Director) | interviewer1 = [[Soledad O'Brien]] | interviewer2 = [[Ice-T]] | title = Who Shot Biggie & Tupac? [interview with "Haitian Jack"] | location = USA | publisher = Critical Content | year = 2017}}, premiered on television September 24, 2017, by [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox Broadasting Company]].</ref> [[A.&nbsp;J. Benza]] reported in ''[[New York Daily News]]'' Shakur's new disdain for Agnant who Shakur theorized had set him up with the case.<ref name="Westhoff-2016" /><ref name="Rodriguez-2011a" /> Shakur reportedly believed his accuser was connected to and had sexual relations with Agnant and [[James Rosemond]] behind his [[#1994 Quad Studios shooting|1994 Quad Studios shooting]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 5, 2014|title=Tupac believed his rape case was connected to his Quad Studios shooting|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/tupac-thought-rape-case-connected-quad-studio-shooting/|access-date=January 7, 2022|website=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]]}}</ref>

Shakur began serving his prison sentence on sexual abuse charges at [[Rikers Island]] on February 14, 1995; before being transferred to [[Clinton Correctional Facility]] in March.<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 16, 1995|title=Shakur Upstate|work=[[New York Daily News]]}}</ref> While imprisoned, he began reading again, which he had been unable to do as his career progressed due to his marijuana and alcohol habits. Works such as ''[[The Prince]]'' by Italian philosopher [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] and ''[[The Art of War]]'' by Chinese military strategist [[Sun Tzu]] sparked Shakur's interest in [[philosophy]], [[philosophy of war]] and [[military strategy]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Wagner James |last=Au |title=Yo, Niccolo! |url=http://archive.salon.com/media/media2961211.html |work=[[Salon.com|Salon]] |publisher=Salon Media Group Inc.|location=San Francisco, California|accessdate=December 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070929103156/http://archive.salon.com/media/media2961211.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=September 29, 2007 |date=December 11, 1996}}</ref> On April 29, 1995, Shakur married his girlfriend Keisha Morris; the marriage was later annulled.<ref name="xxl" /> While in prison, Shakur exchanged letters with celebrities such as [[Jim Carrey]] and [[Tony Danza]] among others.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jim Carrey's Surprising Music Moments, From 2Pac to Kid Cudi |url=https://www.complex.com/pigeons-and-planes/jim-carrey-music-the-weeknd-2pac-kid-cudi/ |access-date=July 12, 2022 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2012 |title=Tony Danza Talks Friendship With Tupac |url=https://tvone.tv/7442/tony-danza-talks-friendship-with-tupac/ |access-date=July 12, 2022 |website=TV One |language=en-US}}</ref> He was also visited by [[Al Sharpton]], who helped Shakur get released from [[solitary confinement]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 27, 2017|title=AL SHARPTON PLANS TO HELP MEEK THE SAME WAY HE HELPED TUPAC IN JAIL|url=https://thesource.com/2017/11/27/al-sharpton-plans-help-meek-meek-way-helped-tupac-jail/|access-date=January 5, 2022|website=[[The Source (magazine)|The Source]]}}</ref> 
 
By October 1995, pending judicial appeal, Shakur was incarcerated in New York.<ref name="Jet-1995" /> On October 12, he bonded out of the maximum security [[Dannemora (town), New York|Dannemora]] Clinton Correctional Facility in the process of appealing his conviction,<ref name="not-a-ganster" /> once [[Suge Knight]], CEO of Death Row Records, arranged for posting of his $1.4&nbsp;million bond.<ref name="nyt-obit">{{Cite news|last=Pareles|first=Jon|date=September 14, 1996|title=Tupac Shakur, 25, Rap Performer Who Personified Violence, Dies|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/14/arts/tupac-shakur-25-rap-performer-who-personified-violence-dies.html|url-status=live|access-date=November 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917213218/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/14/arts/tupac-shakur-25-rap-performer-who-personified-violence-dies.html|archive-date=September 17, 2020}}</ref>

=== 1993 shooting in Atlanta ===
On October 31, 1993, Shakur was arrested in Atlanta for shooting two off-duty police officers, brothers Mark Whitwell and Scott Whitwell.<ref name="Smothers-1993">{{Cite news|last=Smothers|first=Ronald|date=November 2, 1993|title=Rapper Charged in Shootings of Off-Duty Officers|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/02/us/rapper-charged-in-shootings-of-off-duty-officers.html|access-date=December 24, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The Atlanta police claimed the shooting occurred after the brothers were almost struck by a car carrying Shakur while they were crossing the street with their wives.<ref name="Harrington-1993">{{Cite news|last=Harrington|first=Richard|date=November 3, 1993|title=Guns N' Rappers: 3 Arrested In Shootings|language=en-US|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1993/11/03/guns-n-rappers-3-arrested-in-shootings/fa958468-a98c-44b1-8169-0f7b1bbe306f/|access-date=December 24, 2021|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> As they argued with the driver, Shakur's car pulled up and he shot the Whitwells in the buttocks and the abdomen.<ref name="Butler-2020">{{Cite web|last=Butler|first=Rhett|date=May 28, 2020|title=Redo '93: Tupac Shakur's Shootout With Police Proves Power To People|url=https://thesource.com/2020/05/28/redo-93-tupac-shakurs-shootout-with-police-proves-power-to-people/|access-date=December 24, 2021|website=The Source|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="estate">{{cite web|date=July 20, 1998|title=Shakur's Estate Hit With Default Claim Over Shooting|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1433981/19980720/story.jhtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020127003340/http://www.mtv.com:80/news/articles/1433981/19980720/story.jhtml|archive-date=January 27, 2002|access-date=July 2, 2021|publisher=MTV News}}</ref> However, there are conflicting accounts that the Whitwells were harassing a black motorist and uttered racial slurs.<ref name="Butler-2020" /><ref name="Harrington-1993" /> According to some witnesses, Shakur and his entourage had fired in self-defense as Mark Whitwell shot at them first.<ref name="Vibe-1995" />

Shakur was charged with two counts of aggravated assault.<ref name="Smothers-1993" /> Mark Whitwell was charged with firing at Shakur's car and later with making false statements to investigators. Scott Whitwell admitted to possessing a gun he had taken from a [[Henry County, Georgia|Henry County]] police evidence room.<ref name="Butler-2020" /> Prosecutors ultimately dropped all charges against both parties.<ref name="estate"/> Mark Whitwell resigned from the force seven months after the shooting.<ref name="Vibe-1995"/> Both brothers filed civil suits against Shakur; Mark Whitwell's suit was settled out of court, while Scott Whitwell's $2&nbsp;million lawsuit resulted in a default judgment entered against the rapper's estate in 1998.<ref name="estate" />

===1994 Quad Studios shooting===
On November 30, 1994, while in New York recording verses for a mixtape of Ron G, Shakur was repeatedly distracted by his beeper.<ref name="Rodriguez-2011b">{{cite magazine |last=Rodriguez |first=Jason |date=September 2011 |title=Pit of snakes |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/news/2011/09/pit-of-snakes-2pacs-quad-studios-shooting-excerpt-from-sept-2011-issue |url-status=live |magazine=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]] Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219061305/http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2011/09/pit-of-snakes-2pacs-quad-studios-shooting-excerpt-from-sept-2011-issue/ |archive-date=February 19, 2019 |access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref> Music manager [[Jimmy Henchman|James "Jimmy Henchman" Rosemond]], reportedly offered Shakur $7,000 to stop by Quad Studios, in Times Square, that night to record a verse for his client [[Shawn Pen|Little Shawn]].<ref name="Westhoff-2016"/><ref name="Rodriguez-2011b" /> Shakur was unsure, but agreed to the session as he needed the cash to offset legal costs. He arrived with Stretch and one or two others. In the lobby, three men robbed and beat him at gunpoint; Shakur resisted and was shot.<ref name="Jimmy Henchman review">{{cite news |last=Samaha |first=Albert |date=October 28, 2013 |title=James Rosemond, Hip-Hop Manager Tied to Tupac Shooting, Gets Life Sentence for Drug Trafficking |work=[[Village Voice]] |location=New York City |url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2013/10/james_rosemond_life_sentence_drug_trafficking_tupac_shooting_ties.php |url-status=dead |access-date=November 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030071331/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2013/10/james_rosemond_life_sentence_drug_trafficking_tupac_shooting_ties.php |archive-date=October 30, 2013}}</ref> Shakur speculated that the shooting had been a set-up.<ref name="Jimmy Henchman review" /><ref>{{cite news |date=November 30, 1994 |title=Rap Artist Tupac Shakur Shot in Robbery |work=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/30/nyregion/rap-artist-tupac-shakur-shot-in-robbery.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215031012/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/30/nyregion/rap-artist-tupac-shakur-shot-in-robbery.html |archive-date=February 15, 2017}}</ref>

Against doctor's advice, Shakur checked out of [[Metropolitan Hospital Center]] a few hours after surgery and secretly went to the house of the actress [[Jasmine Guy]] to recuperate.<ref name="Anderson-2020"/><ref name="Gelder-1994">{{Cite news |last=Gelder |first=Lawrence Van |date=December 3, 1994 |title=Rapper, Shot and Convicted, Leaves Hospital for Secret Site |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/03/nyregion/rapper-shot-and-convicted-leaves-hospital-for-secret-site.html |access-date=December 11, 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The next day, Shakur arrived at a Manhattan courthouse bandaged in a wheelchair to receive the jury's verdict for his sexual abuse case.<ref name="Gelder-1994" /> Shakur posted a $25,000 bond and spent the next few weeks being cared for by his mother and a private doctor at Guy's home.<ref name="Anderson-2020" /> The [[Fruit of Islam]] and former members of the Black Panther Party stood guard to protect him.<ref name="Anderson-2020" />

=== Setup accusations involving the Notorious B.I.G. ===
In a 1995 interview with ''[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]'', Shakur accused [[Sean Combs]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Stewart |first=Alison |date=March 18, 2008 |title=What Did Sean 'Puffy' Combs Know? |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88461862 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119222826/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88461862 |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |access-date=January 7, 2012 |publisher=Npr.org}}</ref> [[James Rosemond|Jimmy Henchman]],<ref name="Jimmy Henchman review" /> and the Notorious B.I.G, – who were at Quad Studios at the time – among others, of setting up or being privy to the November 1994 robbery and shooting. ''Vibe'' alerted the names of the accused.<ref name="Comment on 1995 Vibe interview">{{cite news |last=Philips |first=Chuck |date=October 11, 2012 |title=Commentary on 1995 Tupac Recordings |newspaper=chuckphilipspost.com |url=http://chuckphilipspost.com |url-status=live |access-date=November 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108130234/http://chuckphilipspost.com/ |archive-date=November 8, 2013}}</ref> The accusations were significant to the East-West Coast rivalry in hip-hop; in 1995, months after the robbery, Combs and B.I.G. released the track "[[Who Shot Ya?]]", which Shakur took as a mockery of his shooting and thought they could be responsible, so he released a [[diss song]], "[[Hit 'Em Up]]", in which he targeted B.I.G., Combs, [[Bad Boy Records|their record label]], [[Junior M.A.F.I.A.]], and at the end of "Hit 'Em Up", he mentions rivals [[Mobb Deep]] and [[Chino XL]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2013 |title=Tupac Shakur Interview 1995 « Chuck Philips PostChuck Philips Post |url=http://chuckphilipspost.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828224622/http://chuckphilipspost.com/ |archive-date=August 28, 2013 |access-date=June 1, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2008 |title=Tupac and Biggie's battle songs |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-na-quadlyrics17mar17-htmlstory.html |access-date=June 1, 2021 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Jayson |title=Game Manager Jimmy Rosemond Recalls Events The Night Tupac Was Shot, Says Session Was 'All Business' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1584524/game-manager-jimmy-rosemond-recalls-events-the-night-tupac-was-shot-says-session-was-all-business/ |access-date=June 1, 2021 |website=[[MTV News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=2Pac (Ft. Outlawz) – Hit 'Em Up |url=https://genius.com/2pac-hit-em-up-lyrics |access-date=June 1, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=The Notorious B.I.G. – Who Shot Ya? |url=https://genius.com/The-notorious-big-who-shot-ya-lyrics |access-date=June 1, 2021}}</ref>

In March 2008, [[Chuck Philips]], in the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', reported on the 1994 ambush and shooting.<ref name="Queen for a day Henchman proffer">{{Cite news |last=Philips |first=Chuck |date=June 12, 2012 |title=James "Jimmy Henchman" Rosemond Implicated Himself in 1994 Tupac Shakur Attack: Court Testimony |newspaper=Village Voice |url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2012/06/jimmy_henchman_implicated.php |url-status=dead |access-date=June 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629033839/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2012/06/jimmy_henchman_implicated.php |archive-date=June 29, 2012}}</ref> The newspaper later retracted the article since it relied partially on FBI documents later discovered forged, supplied by a man convicted of fraud.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 7, 2008 |title=Times retracts Shakur story |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location=Los Angeles, California |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-naw-quad17mar17-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304034003/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-naw-quad17mar17-story.html |archive-date=March 4, 2018}}</ref> In June 2011, convicted murderer Dexter Isaac, incarcerated in Brooklyn, issued a confession that he had been one of the gunmen who had robbed and shot Shakur at Henchman's order.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Jennifer |date=June 21, 2001 |title=Hip hop talent agent arrested charged with operating drug ring |newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/wpix-hip-hop-talent-agent-arrested,0,6053998.story |url-status=dead |access-date=May 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829192455/http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/wpix-hip-hop-talent-agent-arrested%2C0%2C6053998.story |archive-date=August 29, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Isaac admits to Tupac attack on Henchman orders">{{cite news |last=KTLA News |date=July 13, 2012 |title=Convicted Killer Confesses to Shooting West Coast Rapper Tupac Shakur |newspaper=The Courant |url=http://www.courant.com/entertainment/ktla-inmate-confesses-to-shooting-tupac,0,5503225.story |url-status=dead |access-date=September 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110619030221/http://www.courant.com/entertainment/ktla-inmate-confesses-to-shooting-tupac%2C0%2C5503225.story |archive-date=June 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Watkins |first=Greg |date=June 15, 2011 |title=Exclusive: Jimmy Henchman Associate Admits to Role in Robbery/Shooting of Tupac; Apologizes To Pac & B.I.G.'s Mothers. |newspaper=Allhiphop.com |url=http://allhiphop.com/2011/06/15/exclusive-jimmy-henchman-associate-admits-to-role-in-robberyshooting-of-tupac-apologizes-to-pac-b-i-g-s-mothers |url-status=live |access-date=June 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607221300/http://allhiphop.com/2011/06/15/exclusive-jimmy-henchman-associate-admits-to-role-in-robberyshooting-of-tupac-apologizes-to-pac-b-i-g-s-mothers/ |archive-date=June 7, 2012}}</ref> Philips then named Isaac as one of his own, retracted article's unnamed sources.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chuck Philips demands apology on Tupac Shakur |newspaper=[[LA Weekly]] |url=http://www.laweekly.com/2011-06-23/news/chuck-philips-demands-l-a-times-apology-on-tupac-shakur |url-status=live |access-date=May 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606050048/http://www.laweekly.com/2011-06-23/news/chuck-philips-demands-l-a-times-apology-on-tupac-shakur/ |archive-date=June 6, 2012}}</ref>

=== Other criminal or civil cases ===

==== 1991 Oakland Police Department lawsuit ====

In October 1991, one month before the release of ''2Pacalypse Now'', two [[Oakland Police Department]] officers stopped Shakur for [[jaywalking]]. The officers allegedly asked for his name since it did not sound American, he answered them and they [[Police brutality|brutalized]] him scratching his face over the street.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering the Time Tupac Shakur Sued the Oakland Police for $10 Million |url=https://www.kqed.org/arts/11696060/its-tupac-day-in-oakland-where-he-once-sued-the-police-for-10-million |access-date=March 20, 2022 |website=KQED |date=June 16, 2016 |language=en-us}}</ref> Shakur filed a $10&nbsp;million lawsuit against the Oakland Police Department. The case was [[Settlement (litigation)|settled]] for about $43,000.<ref name="nyt-obit" />

==== Misdemeanor assault convictions ====
On April 5, 1993, charged with felonious assault, Shakur allegedly threw a microphone and swung a baseball bat at rapper Chauncey Wynn, of the group M.A.D., at a concert at [[Michigan State University]]. Shakur claimed the bat was a part of his show, that he never swung it, and that there was no criminal intent.<ref name="The Argus-1994">{{cite news|title=Rapper sentenced for assault|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=19941101&id=n0AoAAAAIBAJ&pg=3900,36494|access-date=August 27, 2013|newspaper=The Argus|date=November 1, 1994|archive-date=December 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208044720/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=19941101&id=n0AoAAAAIBAJ&pg=3900%2C36494|url-status=live}}</ref> Nonetheless, on September 14, 1994, Shakur pleaded guilty to a [[misdemeanor]] and was sentenced to 30 days in jail, twenty of them suspended on condition that he complete 35 hours of community service.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rapper Tupac Shakur to face assault charge|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19940909&id=C0xIAAAAIBAJ&pg=4115,3582492|access-date=August 27, 2013|newspaper=Ocala Star-Banner|date=September 9, 1994|archive-date=December 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208044705/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19940909&id=C0xIAAAAIBAJ&pg=4115%2C3582492|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="The Argus-1994" />

Slated to star as Sharif in the 1993 [[Hughes Brothers]]' film ''Menace II Society'', Shakur was replaced by actor Vonte Sweet after allegedly assaulting one of the film's directors, Allen Hughes. In early 1994, Shakur served 15 days in jail after being found guilty of the assault.<ref>Sullivan 2003, p. 80.</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Tupac Shakur Biography |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/tupac-shakur/biography |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=August 27, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825104437/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/tupac-shakur/biography |archive-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref> The prosecution's evidence included a ''[[Yo! MTV Raps]]'' interview where Shakur boasts that he had "beat up the director of ''Menace II Society''".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/tupacs-temper-five-greatest-freakouts-from-mtv-to-jail-time-6461799 |title=TUPAC'S TEMPER: FIVE GREATEST FREAKOUTS, FROM MTV TO JAIL TIME |date=May 10, 2012 |first=Victor |last=Gonzalez |newspaper=Miami New Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101190821/http://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/tupacs-temper-five-greatest-freakouts-from-mtv-to-jail-time-6461799 |archive-date=January 1, 2016}}</ref>

==== Concealed weapon case ====
In 1994, Shakur was arrested in Los Angeles, when he was stopped by police on suspicion of speeding. Police found a semiautomatic pistol in the car, a felony offense because a prior conviction in 1993 in Los Angeles for carrying a concealed firearm.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 6, 1994|title=Rapper Tupac Shakur charged|work=[[United Press International|UPI]]|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/05/06/Rapper-Tupac-Shakur-charged/3414768196800/|access-date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> On April 4, 1996, Shakur was sentenced to 120 days in jail for violating his release terms and failing to appear for a road cleanup job,<ref>{{Cite news|date=April 6, 1996|title=Rapper Sentenced for Violating Probation|work=[[Sfgate]]|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Rapper-Sentenced-for-Violating-Probation-2987161.php|access-date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> but was allowed to remain free awaiting appeal. On June 7, his sentence was deferred via appeals pending in other cases.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/507730/jail-term-put-on-hold-for-rapper-tupac-shakur/|title=Jail Term Put On Hold For Rapper Tupac Shakur|website=[[MTV]]|date=June 8, 1996|access-date=April 8, 2020|archive-date=June 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627233640/http://www.mtv.com/news/507730/jail-term-put-on-hold-for-rapper-tupac-shakur/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== 1995 wrongful death suit ====
On August 22, 1992, in Marin City, Shakur performed outdoors at a festival. For about an hour after the performance, he signed autographs and posed for photos. A conflict broke out and Shakur allegedly drew a legally carried [[Colt Mustang]] but dropped it on the ground. Shakur claimed that someone with him then picked it up when it accidentally discharged.<ref name="marin">{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Marin-slaying-case-against-rapper-opens-3122665.php|title=Marin slaying case against rapper opens |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=November 3, 1995 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412011323/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Marin-slaying-case-against-rapper-opens-3122665.php |archive-date=April 12, 2013}}</ref><ref name="settlement">{{cite web|title=Settlement in Rapper's Trial for Boy's Death |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=November 8, 1995 |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/PAGE-ONE-Settlement-in-Rapper-s-Trial-For-3019996.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513061224/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/PAGE-ONE-Settlement-in-Rapper-s-Trial-For-3019996.php |archive-date=May 13, 2013}}</ref>

About 100 yards (90 meters) away in a schoolyard, Qa'id Walker-Teal, a boy aged 6 on his bicycle, was fatally shot in the forehead. Police matched the bullet to a [[.38 caliber|.38-caliber]] pistol registered to Shakur. His stepbrother Maurice Harding was arrested in suspicion of having fired the gun, but no charges were filed. Lack of witnesses stymied prosecution. In 1995, Qa'id's mother filed a [[Wrongful death claim|wrongful death suit]] against Shakur, which was settled for about $300,000 to $500,000.<ref name="marin" /><ref name="settlement" />

==== C. Delores Tucker lawsuit ====
Civil rights activist and fierce rap critic [[C. Delores Tucker]] sued Shakur's estate in federal court, claiming that lyrics in "How Do U Want It" and "Wonda Why They Call U Bitch" inflicted emotional distress, were slanderous, and invaded her privacy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-tupaccritic1aug0197-story.html|title=Rap critic sues Shakur's estate for defamation|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=August 1997}}</ref>  The case was later dismissed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/237/275/564878/|title=C. Delores Tucker; William Tucker, Her Husbandv.richard Fischbein; Belinda Luscombe; Newsweek Magazine; Johnnie L. Roberts; Time Inc.c. Delores Tucker; William Tucker, Appellants, 237 F.3d 275 (3d Cir. 2001)|website=Justia Law}}</ref>

==Death==
{{Main|Murder of Tupac Shakur}}<!-- Considering that there is an entire article about the murder, this section should be shortened -->
[[File:Las Vegas, Platinum Hotel 01.jpg|right|thumb|East [[Flamingo Road (Las Vegas)|Flamingo Road]] and Koval Lane, where the murder occurred]]
On the night of September 7, 1996, Shakur was in Las Vegas, Nevada, to celebrate his business partner [[Tracy Danielle Robinson]]'s birthday<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/music/a48539/tupac-shakur-death-gobi-rahimi/|first1=Matt|last1=Miller|first2=Gobi M.|last2=Rahimi|title=I Spent Six Days Protecting Tupac on His Deathbed|date=September 6, 2016|work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]|publisher=[[Hearst Magazines]]|location=New York City|access-date=January 18, 2019|archive-date=January 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106104057/https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/music/a48539/tupac-shakur-death-gobi-rahimi/|url-status=live}}</ref> and attended the [[Bruce Seldon vs. Mike Tyson]] boxing match with Suge Knight at the [[MGM Grand Las Vegas|MGM Grand]]. Afterward in the lobby one of Knight's associates spotted [[Orlando Anderson|Orlando "Baby Lane" Anderson]], a Southside Compton [[Crips|Crip]], and told Shakur he had tried to rob them earlier that year. The hotel's [[Closed-circuit television|surveillance]] footage shows the ensuing assault on Anderson. Shakur soon stopped by his hotel room and then headed with Knight to his Death Row nightclub, Club 662, in a black [[BMW E38|BMW 750iL]] sedan, part of a larger convoy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://madeira.hccanet.org/project1/seiden1/death.html |title=September 1996 Shooting and Death |publisher=madeira.hccanet.org |access-date=July 28, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726142741/http://madeira.hccanet.org/project1/seiden1/death.html |archive-date=July 26, 2011}}</ref>

At about 11&nbsp;pm on [[Las Vegas Boulevard]], bicycle-mounted police stopped the car for its loud music and lack of license plates. The plates were found in the trunk and the car was released without a ticket.<ref name="Thugs Network">{{cite web|url=http://www.thugz-network.com/Tupac~Shakur~LV~Shooting.php |title=Tupac Shakur LV Shooting – |publisher=Thugz-network.com |date=September 7, 1996 |access-date=January 7, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207233314/http://www.thugz-network.com/Tupac~Shakur~LV~Shooting.php |archive-date=February 7, 2012}}</ref> At about 11:15&nbsp;pm at a stop light, a white, four-door, late-model [[Cadillac]] sedan pulled up to the passenger side and an occupant rapidly fired into the car. Shakur was struck four times: once in the arm, once in the thigh, and twice in the chest<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1434032/rapper-tupac-shakur-gunned-down/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303091049/http://www.mtv.com/news/1434032/rapper-tupac-shakur-gunned-down/|url-status=dead|title=Rapper Tupac Shakur Gunned Down|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|archive-date=March 3, 2016|website=MTV News}}</ref> with one bullet entering his right lung.<ref name="AEOM">{{cite web | url = http://www.alleyezonme.com/info/96shooting.html | title = Detailed information on the fatal shooting | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514151716/http://www.alleyezonme.com/info/96shooting.html | archive-date=May 14, 2008 | work = AllEyezOnMe | access-date=October 11, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shards hit Knight's head. Frank Alexander, Shakur's bodyguard, was not in the car at the time. He would say he had been tasked to drive the car of Shakur's girlfriend, [[Kidada Jones]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.film.com/movies/tupac-shakur-before-i-wake/14704723 |title=Tupac Shakur: Before I Wake |publisher=film.com |access-date=July 28, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001121034/http://www.film.com/movies/tupac-shakur-before-i-wake/14704723 |archive-date=October 1, 2010}}</ref>

Shakur was taken to the [[University Medical Center of Southern Nevada]] where he was heavily sedated and put on life support.<ref name="TSDCD">{{cite web|title=Tupac Shakur's Death Certificate Details|url=http://www.numberonestars.com/tupacshakur/tupacdeathcertificatedetails.htm|last1=Koch|first1=Ed|date=October 24, 1997|website=numberonestars|publisher=Las Vegas Sun|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120523233842/http://www.numberonestars.com/tupacshakur/tupacdeathcertificatedetails.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2012|access-date=December 31, 2016}}</ref> In the [[intensive-care unit]] on the afternoon of September 13, 1996, Shakur died from [[internal bleeding]].<ref name="TSDCD" /> He was pronounced dead at 4:03&nbsp;pm.<ref name="TSDCD" /> The official causes of death are [[respiratory failure]] and [[cardiopulmonary arrest]] associated with multiple gunshot wounds.<ref name="TSDCD" /> Shakur's body was cremated the next day. Members of the [[Outlawz]], recalling a line in his song "Black Jesus", (although uncertain of the artist's attempt at a literal meaning chose to interpret the request seriously) smoked some of his body's ashes after mixing them with [[Cannabis (drug)|marijuana]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/his-life-after-death/2006/09/12/1157826940955.html |title=Tupac's life after death |publisher=Smh.com.au |date=September 13, 2006 |access-date=January 7, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225124226/http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/his-life-after-death/2006/09/12/1157826940955.html |archive-date=December 25, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Neal |first1=Sean |title=Yes, the Outlawz smoked Tupac's ashes |url=https://news.avclub.com/yes-the-outlawz-smoked-tupacs-ashes-1798227224 |access-date=January 22, 2020 |work=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=August 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020030705/https://news.avclub.com/yes-the-outlawz-smoked-tupacs-ashes-1798227224 |archive-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref>

In 2002, investigative journalist [[Chuck Philips]],<ref name="Philips: Who killed Tupac Shakur">{{Cite news|first=Chuck |last=Philips |title=Who Killed Tupac Shakur? |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2002/sep/06/business/fi-tupac6 |access-date=July 15, 2012 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location=Los Angeles, California|date=September 6, 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109234606/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/sep/06/business/fi-tupac6 |archive-date=November 9, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Who killed Tupac Shakur Part 2">{{Cite news|first=Chuck| last=Philips |title=Who killed Tupac Shakur?: Part 2 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-fi-tupac7sep07,0,6002100.story |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location=Los Angeles, California|date=September 7, 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318222341/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-fi-tupac7sep07%2C0%2C6002100.story |archive-date=March 18, 2013}}</ref> after a year of work, reported in the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' that Anderson, a Southside Compton Crip, having been attacked by Suge and Shakur's entourage at the MGM Hotel after the boxing match, had fired the fatal gunshots, but that Las Vegas police had interviewed him only once, briefly, before his death in an unrelated shooting. Philips's 2002 article also alleges the involvement of [[The Notorious B.I.G.|Christopher "Notorious B.I.G." Wallace]] and several within New York City's criminal underworld. Both Anderson and Wallace denied involvement, while Wallace offered a confirmed alibi.<ref name="streetgangs1">{{cite web|url=http://www.streetgangs.com/topics/tupac/090602aliby.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.bibalex.org/web/20030211184526/http://www.streetgangs.com/topics/tupac/090602aliby.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 11, 2003 |title=Notorious B.I.G.'s Family 'Outraged' By Tupac Article |publisher=Streetgangs.com |access-date=July 28, 2010}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=March 2020}} Music journalist John Leland, in ''[[The New York Times]]'', called the evidence "inconclusive".<ref name="New York Times on New Revelations">{{cite news|first=John|last=Leland |title=New Theories Stir Speculation On Rap Deaths |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/07/arts/new-theories-stir-speculation-on-rap-deaths.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 29, 2013|date=October 7, 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002202518/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/07/arts/new-theories-stir-speculation-on-rap-deaths.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |archive-date=October 2, 2013}}</ref>

In 2011, via the [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]], the [[FBI]] released documents related to its investigation which described an [[extortion]] scheme by the [[Jewish Defense League]] (classified as "a [[Right-wing terrorist|right wing terrorist]] group" by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]<ref name="fbi">{{cite web |title=FBI — Terrorism 2000/2001 |url=https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/terror |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007083445/https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/terror |archive-date=October 7, 2012 |access-date=August 28, 2017 |publisher=Fbi.gov }}</ref>) that included making [[death threats]] against Shakur and other rappers, but did not indicate a direct connection to his murder.<ref>{{cite web|title=Unsealed FBI Report on Tupac Shakur|url=http://vault.fbi.gov/Tupac%20Shakur%20/Tupac%20Shakur%20Part%201%20of%201/view|publisher=Vault.fbi.gov|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215062600/http://vault.fbi.gov/Tupac%20Shakur%20/Tupac%20Shakur%20Part%201%20of%201/view|archive-date=February 15, 2015|access-date=February 15, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FBI files on Tupac Shakur murder show he received death threats from Jewish gang |url=http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/fbi-files-on-tupac-shakur-murder-show-he-received-death-threats-from-jewish-gang-1.355962 |agency=Haaretz Service|date=April 14, 2011 |website=[[Haaretz]] |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215152722/http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/fbi-files-on-tupac-shakur-murder-show-he-received-death-threats-from-jewish-gang-1.355962 |archive-date=February 15, 2015 |access-date=February 15, 2015}}</ref>

On July 18, 2023, the [[Las Vegas Police Department]] executed a [[search warrant]] in connection with Shakur's murder.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 18, 2023 |title=Search warrant executed in Tupac Shakur homicide case, Las Vegas police say |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/search-warrant-executed-tupac-shakur-murder-case-las-vegas-police-say-rcna94981 |access-date=July 18, 2023 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>

== Artistry ==
Shakur's music and philosophical outlook were deeply influenced by a wide range of American, [[African-American culture|African-American]], and global influences, including the [[Black Panther Party]], [[black nationalism]], [[egalitarianism]], and the concept of [[liberty]]. Moreover, Shakur's artistic sensibilities were enriched by his passion for theater and admiration for the works of [[William Shakespeare]]. Notably, he honed his theatrical skills as a student at the [[Baltimore School for the Arts]], where he delved into the psychological complexities inherent in inter-gang warfare and inter-cultural conflicts, reflecting themes explored in Shakespearean dramas.<ref name=":1" />

''[[2Pacalypse Now]]'' (1991), showcased his socially conscious perspective. Through powerful tracks like "[[Brenda's Got a Baby]]", "[[Trapped (Tupac Shakur song)|Trapped]]", and "Part Time Mutha", Shakur addressed social injustice, poverty, and police brutality. In doing so, he contributed to the ongoing success of rap groups such as [[Boogie Down Productions]], [[Public Enemy]], [[X Clan|X-Clan]], and [[Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five]], while establishing himself as one of the pioneering socially conscious rappers from the West Coast.<ref name=":2" />

Continuing his focus on the social challenges faced by African-American people, Shakur's second album featured songs like "The Streetz R Deathrow" and "Last Wordz". Simultaneously, he showcased his compassionate side with the empowering anthem "[[Keep Ya Head Up]]", and his legendary intensity with the title track from the album ''[[Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...]]'' Additionally, he paid homage to his former group [[Digital Underground]] by including them on the playful track "[[I Get Around (Tupac Shakur song)|I Get Around]]". Throughout his career, Shakur's subsequent albums reflected a growing assertiveness in his approach.<ref name=":3" />

Shakur's body of work encompassed contrasting themes, including [[social inequality]], [[injustice]], compassion, playfulness, and [[hope]]. These elements continued to shape his artistry, exemplified by his explosive 1995 album ''[[Me Against the World]]''.<ref name=":5" /> The release of ''[[All Eyez on Me]]'' in 1996 further solidified his reputation, with tracks like "Ambitionz Az a Ridah", "[[I Ain't Mad at Cha]]", "[[California Love]]", "Life Goes On", and "Picture Me Rollin'" being hailed as classics by critics. Shakur described ''[[All Eyez on Me]]'' as a celebration of life, and the album achieved both critical acclaim and commercial success.<ref name=":4" />

==Legacy and remembrance==
[[File:MARTa Paolo Chiasera www.tupacproject.it.jpg|thumb|upright|A statue of Shakur at the [[MARTa Herford|MARTa]] museum in [[Herford]], Germany|alt=A stone statue of Shakur standing on a tall stone pillar in front of the MARTa Herford museum]]

Shakur is considered one of the most influential rappers of all time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okwerekwu |first=Ike |date=May 5, 2019 |title=Tupac: The Greatest Inspirational Hip Hop Artist |url=https://medium.com/music-for-inspiration/tupac-the-greatest-inspirational-hip-hop-artist-7118f02747ed |access-date=March 9, 2022 |website=Music For Inspiration |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=September 13, 2016 |title=8 Ways Tupac Shakur Changed the World |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/8-ways-tupac-shakur-changed-the-world-128421/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=March 9, 2022}}</ref> with ''[[Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time|Rolling Stone]]'' listing him as one of greatest artists of all time.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=December 3, 2010 |title=100 Greatest Artists |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-artists-147446/ |access-date=June 10, 2023 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref> He is widely credited as an important figure in [[Hip hop|hip hop culture]], and his prominence in [[pop culture]] in general has been noted.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Reeves |first1=Mosi |date=September 13, 2016 |title=8 Ways Tupac Shakur Changed the World |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/8-ways-tupac-shakur-changed-the-world-128421/ |access-date=May 2, 2022 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Dotdash]], formerly Roovet.com, while ranking him fifth among the greatest rappers, nonetheless notes, "Tupac Shakur is the most influential hip-hop artist of all time. Even in death, 2Pac remains a transcendental rap figure."<ref>Adaso, Henry, [https://www.roovet.com/greatest-rappers-of-all-time-2858004 "The 50 greatest rappers of all time: They've shown originality, longevity, cultural impact, vocal presence"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531103359/https://www.roovet.com/greatest-rappers-of-all-time-2858004|date=May 31, 2020}}, ''[[LiveAbout]].com'', Dotdash, updated December 13, 2018, formerly Henry Adaso, "50 greatest MCs of our time (1987–2007)", ''Rap.Roovet.com'', March 11, 2011, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120309224108/http://rap.roovet.com/od/toppicks/ss/Top50Emcees_9.htm archived] March 9, 2012, when Tupac Shakur placed 7th.</ref> Yet to some, he was a "father figure" who, said rapper [[YG (rapper)|YG]], "makes you want to be better—at every level."<ref name="Crates-2015" /> In 2023, [[Billboard 200|Billboard]] ranked Tupac at number 4 among the top 50 rappers of all time.

[[AllMusic]]'s [[Stephen Thomas Erlewine]] described Shakur as "the unlikely martyr of [[gangsta rap]]", with Shakur paying the ultimate price of a criminal lifestyle. Shakur was described as one of the top two American rappers in the 1990s, along with [[Snoop Dogg]].<ref>{{cite web | url = {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0000921895|pure_url=yes}} | title = 2Pac biography | first =Stephen Thomas | last =Erlewine |authorlink=Stephen Thomas Erlewine | date = n.d. | work = [[AllMusic]] |access-date=July 13, 2021}}</ref> The online rap magazine ''[[AllHipHop]]'' held a 2007 roundtable at which New York rappers [[Cormega]], citing tour experience with New York rap duo [[Mobb Deep]], commented that B.I.G. ran New York, but Shakur ran America.<ref>Thomas, Chris "Milan" (editor), with Erik Gilroy (reporter), and AllHipHop interviewers, [http://www.allhiphop.com/features/?ID=1532 "Tupak Shakur: A roundtable discussion"], featuring Pudgee that Phat Bastard, [[Buckshot (rapper)|Buckshot]], [[Chino XL]], Adisa Bankjoko, [[Cormega]], and [[Hussein Fatal|DJ Fatal]], ''[[AllHipHop.com]]'', March 5, 2007: "Cormega: A lot of people think that it was about Biggie on the East Coast and 'Pac on the West Coast. It wasn't like that. Big ran New York. 'Pac ran ''America''. I was in a club with Mobb Deep in North Carolina and n***as in the crowd were shouting "Makaveli!" This is on the East Coast! That shows you how powerful his influence was" [https://web.archive.org/web/20070305163319/http://www.allhiphop.com/features/?ID=1532 archived] January 7, 2012].</ref>  Shakur emerged as a celebrated artist, earning recognition for his astonishingly prolific output and unwavering commitment to his craft.<ref>{{Cite web |last=II |first=C. Vernon Coleman |title=2Pac's Work Ethic Was Incredible During the Final Months of His Life |url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/c-vernon-coleman/2pac-work-ethic-was-incredible-during-the-final-months-of-his-life |access-date=June 5, 2023 |website=Complex |language=en-us}}</ref>

According to British writer Rob Marriott, he deemed the act of tying a [[Kerchief|bandana]] into rabbit ears as one of the most distinctive and instantly recognizable style choices in the world of [[Hip hop music|hip-hop]]. Regarded as a [[sex symbol]], his unique style helped shape the fashion landscape of the 1990s and continues to influence artists and fashion enthusiasts to this day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From workwear and 90s sweater vests to THAT bandana, here's Tupac's most iconic outfits |url=https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/k7874e/tupac-style |access-date=June 5, 2023 |website=i-d.vice.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2016 |title=We Need to Talk About Tupac |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/tupac-shakur-birthday-fashion-legacy |access-date=June 5, 2023 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2010, writing ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine's entry on Shakur at No. 86 among the "100 greatest artists", New York rapper [[50 Cent]] appraised

{{Blockquote|Every rapper who grew up in the Nineties owes something to Tupac. He didn't sound like anyone who came before him.<ref name="Rolling Stone-2010">[[50 Cent]], "86: Tupac Shakur", editors, [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-artists-147446 "100 greatest artists: The Beatles, Eminem and more of the best of the best"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618050248/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-artists-147446/ |date=June 18, 2019 }}, ''Rolling Stone'', December 3, 2010, [https://archive.today/20120523233811/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231/tupac-shakur-19691231 archived] May 23, 2012.</ref>}}

According to music journalist [[Chuck Philips]], Shakur "had helped elevate rap from a crude street fad to a complex art form, setting the stage for the current global hip-hop phenomenon."<ref name="Philips-2015">{{cite news | first = Chuck | last = Philips | author-link=Chuck Philips|url = https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-fi-tupac6sep06-story.html | title = Who killed Tupac Shakur? —part 1 of 2 | work = [[Los Angeles Times]] | date = January 30, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160312042845/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-fi-tupac6sep06-story.html | archive-date = March 12, 2016}}</ref> Philips writes, "The slaying silenced one of modern music's most eloquent voices—a ghetto poet whose tales of urban alienation captivated young people of all races and backgrounds."<ref name="Philips-2015" /> Via numerous fans perceiving him, despite his questionable conduct, as a [[martyr]], "the downsizing of martyrdom cheapens its use", [[Michael Eric Dyson]] concedes.<ref name="Dyson-2001" /> But Dyson adds, "Some, or even most, of that criticism can be conceded without doing damage to Tupac's martyrdom in the eyes of those disappointed by more traditional martyrs."<ref name="Dyson-2001">{{cite book | first = Michael Eric | last = Dyson | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Zj4qpXcvKwIC&q=martyr | title = Holler If You Hear Me: Searching for Tupac Shakur | location = New York City| publisher = Basic Civitas Books | year = 2001 | page = 264 | isbn = 9780786735488 | access-date = October 15, 2020 | archive-date = December 8, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201208044733/https://books.google.com/books?id=Zj4qpXcvKwIC&q=martyr | url-status = live }}</ref>

In 2014, [[BET]] explained that "his confounding mixture of ladies' man, thug, revolutionary and poet has forever altered our perception of what a rapper should look like, sound like and act like. In [[50 Cent]], [[Ja Rule]], [[Lil Wayne]], newcomers like [[Freddie Gibbs]] and even his friend-turned-rival B.I.G., it's easy to see that Pac is the most copied MC of all time. There are murals bearing his likeness in New York, Brazil, Sierra Leone, Bulgaria and countless other places; he even has statues in Atlanta and Germany. Quite simply, no other rapper has captured the world's attention the way Tupac did and still does."<ref name="bet.com">{{cite web|title=The 50 Most Influential Rappers of All Time|url=http://www.bet.com/music/photos/2011/09/50-most-influential-rappers.html#!2011-topic-tu-pac-crop|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140530203134/http://www.bet.com/music/photos/2011/09/50-most-influential-rappers.html%23!2011-topic-tu-pac-crop|archive-date=May 30, 2014|access-date=December 31, 2016|website=BET}}</ref> More simply, his writings, published after his death, inspired rapper YG to return to school and get his GED.<ref name="Crates-2015">{{cite news|last=Crates|first=Jake|date=February 3, 2015|title=YG Says Tupac Has Inspired His Return To School; Calls Pac A Father Figure For Many (AUDIO)|website=AllHipHop.com|url=http://allhiphop.com/2015/02/03/audio-yg-says-tupac-has-inspired-his-return-to-school-calls-pac-a-father-figure-for-many/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206164804/http://allhiphop.com/2015/02/03/audio-yg-says-tupac-has-inspired-his-return-to-school-calls-pac-a-father-figure-for-many/|archive-date=February 6, 2015}}</ref> In 2020, former California Senator and current Vice-president [[Kamala Harris]] called Shakur the "best rapper alive", which she explained because "West Coast girls think 2Pac lives on".<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.complex.com/music/2020/09/kamala-harris-2pac-best-rapper-alive | title = Vice Presidential Nominee Kamala Harris Names 2Pac as the 'Best Rapper Alive' | first = Joshua | last = Espinoza | date = September 25, 2020 | work = [[Complex (magazine)|Complex]] | access-date = September 26, 2020 | archive-date = September 26, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200926003530/https://www.complex.com/music/2020/09/kamala-harris-2pac-best-rapper-alive | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/kamala-harris-2pac-tupac-shakur-naacp-b618387.html | title = Kamala Harris mocked after saying Tupac is the 'best rapper alive' | first = Isobel | last = Lewis | date = September 26, 2020 | work = [[The Independent]] | access-date = September 26, 2020 | archive-date = October 6, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201006042433/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/kamala-harris-2pac-tupac-shakur-naacp-b618387.html | url-status = live }}</ref>

=== Tupac Amaru Shakur Foundation ===
In 1997, Shakur's mother founded the Shakur Family Foundation. Later renamed the Tupac Amaru Shakur Foundation, or TASF, it launched with a stated mission to "provide training and support for students who aspire to enhance their creative talents." The TASF sponsors essay contests, charity events, a performing arts day camp for teenagers, and undergraduate scholarships. In June 2005, the TASF opened the [[Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts]], or TASCA, in [[Stone Mountain, Georgia|Stone Mountain]], Georgia.  It closed in 2015.

=== Academic appraisal ===
In 1997, the [[University of California, Berkeley]], offered a course led by a student titled "History 98: Poetry and History of Tupac Shakur".<ref>{{cite web|title=Berkeley University Offers Class On Tupac|url=http://www.vh1.com/artists/news/1171/09101997/2pac.jhtml|last1=Kaufman|first1=Gil|date=September 10, 1997|website=[[VH1]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919123109/http://www.vh1.com/artists/news/1171/09101997/2pac.jhtml|archive-date=September 19, 2008|access-date=December 31, 2016}}</ref> In April 2003, [[Harvard University]] cosponsored the symposium "All Eyez on Me: Tupac Shakur and the Search for the Modern Folk Hero".<ref name="Gewertz-2003" /> The papers presented cover his ranging influence from entertainment to sociology.<ref name="Gewertz-2003">{{cite magazine | last = Gewertz | first = Ken | title = Symposium analyzes, celebrates 'Thug' | magazine = [[Harvard University Gazette]] | date = April 24, 2003 | url = http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2003/04.24/11-hiphop.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205180702/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2003/04.24/11-hiphop.html | archive-date=February 5, 2012}} on April 16, 2006.</ref> Calling him a "Thug Nigga Intellectual", an "organic intellectual",<ref>{{cite web | last = Neal | first = M. | title = Thug Nigga Intellectual: Tupac as Celebrity Gramscian talk at Symposium analyzes, celebrates 'thug' | work = Harvard Gazette | publisher = [[Harvard University]] | date = 2003 | url = https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2003/04/symposium-analyzes-celebrates-thug/}}</ref> English scholar [[Mark Anthony Neal]] assessed his death as leaving a "leadership void amongst hip-hop artists",<ref>{{cite web|first=Mark Anthony | last = Neal |url=http://newblackman.blogspot.com/2005/09/race-ing-katrina.html |title=NewBlackMan: Race-ing Katrina |publisher=Newblackman.blogspot.com |date=September 6, 2005 |access-date=January 7, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119200336/http://newblackman.blogspot.com/2005/09/race-ing-katrina.html |archive-date=January 19, 2012}}</ref> as this "walking contradiction" helps, Neal explained, "make being an intellectual accessible to ordinary people."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thuglifearmy.com/news/?id=2734 |title=Deeper Than Hip-Hop Tupac (2Pac) Poetry Enlightens |publisher=ThugLifeArmy.com |access-date=July 28, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717014500/http://www.thuglifearmy.com/news/?id=2734 |archive-date=July 17, 2011}}</ref>

Tracing Shakur's [[mythical]] status, Murray Forman discussed him as "O.G.", or "Ostensibly Gone", with fans, using digital mediums, "resurrecting Tupac as an ethereal life force."<ref name="From Thug Life to Legend"/> Music scholar Emmett Price, calling him a "Black folk hero", traced his persona to Black American folklore's [[trickster]]s, which, after [[abolition of slavery|abolition]], evolved into the urban "bad-man". Yet in Shakur's "terrible sense of urgency", Price identified instead a quest to "unify mind, body, and spirit."<ref name="From Thug Life to Legend">{{cite conference |url=https://folkmyth.fas.harvard.edu/2003-all-eyez-me-tupac-shakur-and-search-modern-folk-hero |title= From Thug Life to Legend: Realization of a Black Folk Hero| last1 = Price | first1 = Emmet |last2=Forman|first2=M.|date=April 17, 2003|publisher= [[Harvard University]]|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |conference=All Eyez on Me: Tupac Shakur and the Search for the Modern Folk Hero |id=}}</ref>

{{Multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| caption_align = 
| header = Graffiti of Tupac Shakur
| image1 = Tupac graffiti New York.jpg
| caption1 = [[East Harlem]], New York City, US
| image2 = Tupac graffiti Rio de janeiro.jpg
| caption2 = [[Ipanema]], Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| image3 =
| caption3 = [[Carmagnola]], [[Turin]], Italy
}}

=== Multimedia releases ===
In 2005, Death Row released on DVD, ''[[Tupac: Live at the House of Blues]]'', his final recorded live performance, an event on July 4, 1996. In August 2006, ''[[Tupac Shakur Legacy]]'', an "interactive biography" by [[Jamal Joseph (writer)|Jamal Joseph]], arrived with previously unpublished family photographs, intimate stories, and over 20 detachable copies of his handwritten song lyrics, contracts, scripts, poetry, and other papers. In 2006, the Shakur album ''[[Pac's Life]]'' was released and, like the previous, was among the recording industry's most popular releases.<ref>{{Cite press release |author=The NPD Group |author-link=The NPD Group |title=The NPD Group Consumer Survey: Top Musical Artists for 2006 |url=http://home.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/index.jsp?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20070206005852&newsLang=en |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120605024159/http://home.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/index.jsp?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20070206005852&newsLang=en |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 5, 2012 |publisher=[[Business Wire]] |date=February 6, 2007 |access-date=January 7, 2012}}</ref> In 2008, his estate made about $15&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news|date=August 15, 2008|title=Hip-Hop's Cash Kings 2008|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/08/15/music-media-hiphop-biz-media-cz_zog_0818cashkings.html|url-status=live|access-date=July 24, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724120729/http://www.forbes.com/2008/08/15/music-media-hiphop-biz-media-cz_zog_0818cashkings.html|archive-date=July 24, 2010}}</ref>

On April 15, 2012, at the [[Coachella Music Festival]], rappers Snoop Dogg and [[Dr. Dre]] joined a Shakur "hologram" (Although the media referred to the technology as a hologram, technically it was a projection created with the [[Musion Eyeliner]]),<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 18, 2012|title=Musion Eyeliner projects Tupac's ghost at Coachella|url=https://www.installation-international.com/case-studies/musion-eyeliner-projects-tupac-s-ghost-at-coachella|access-date=February 15, 2022|website=Installation|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>The optical illusion was accomplished with technology called [[Pepper's ghost]] [Cyrus Farivar, [https://arstechnica.com/science/news/2012/04/tupac-hologram-merely-pretty-cool-optical-illusion.ars "Tupac "hologram" merely pretty cool optical illusion"], Arstechnica.com, April 16, 2012. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506081540/http://arstechnica.com/science/news/2012/04/tupac-hologram-merely-pretty-cool-optical-illusion.ars |date=May 6, 2012 }}], employed by the company [[Digital Domain]], specializing in visual effects [Kara Warner, [http://www.mtv.com/news/1683241/tupac-hologram-tour "Tupac hologram may be coming to an arena near you"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524000207/http://www.mtv.com/news/1683241/tupac-hologram-tour/ |date=May 24, 2020 }}, [[MTV News]], ''MTV.com'', April 16, 2012, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120420025001/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1683241/tupac-hologram-tour.jhtml archived elsewhere].</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7717042/musical-holograms-history-dead |title=Tupac, Michael Jackson, Gorillaz & More: A History of the Musical Hologram |author=Gil Kaufman |date=March 9, 2017 |website=billboard.com |publisher=Billboard |access-date=October 18, 2021 |quote=the Tupac Shakur hologram that blew fans' minds at Coachella in 2012.}}</ref> and, as a partly virtual trio, performed the Shakur songs "[[Hail Mary (2Pac song)|Hail Mary]]" and "[[2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted]]".<ref name="mtvnews">{{cite web|title=Tupac Hologram May Be Coming To An Arena Near You|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1683241/tupac-hologram-tour.jhtml|author=Kara Warner|date=April 16, 2012|publisher=MTV News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420025001/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1683241/tupac-hologram-tour.jhtml|archive-date=April 20, 2012|access-date=April 16, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=TJ |url=http://neonlimelight.com/2012/04/16/video-2pac-hologram-performs-at-coachella/ |title=Video: Tupac (As A Hologram) Joins Snoop Dogg And Dr. Dre On Stage At 2012 Coachella |publisher=Neon Limelight |date=April 16, 2012 |access-date=April 16, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418183627/http://neonlimelight.com/2012/04/16/video-2pac-hologram-performs-at-coachella/ |archive-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref> There were talks of a tour,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304818404577348243109842490 |author=Ethan Smith |title=Rapper's De-Light: Tupac 'Hologram' May Go on Tour |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=April 16, 2012 |access-date=April 17, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417040946/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304818404577348243109842490.html |archive-date=April 17, 2012}}</ref> but Dre refused.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://idolator.com/6391941/tupac-shakur-hologram-tour-denied-dr-dre | title = Tupac Shakur Hologram Tour Denied By Dr. Dre | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711050517/http://idolator.com/6391941/tupac-shakur-hologram-tour-denied-dr-dre | archive-date=July 11, 2012 | work = Idolator.com | date = April 23, 2012 | access-date = April 27, 2012}}</ref> Meanwhile, the ''Greatest Hits'' album, released in 1998, and which in 2000 had left the pop albums chart, the [[Billboard 200]], returned to the chart and reached No. 129, while also other Shakur albums and singles drew sales gains.<ref>''Greatest Hits'' sold 4 000 copies in the week, up 571% above the prior week. ''All Eyez On Me'' did 2 000 units, up 95%, and ''Me Against the World'', 1 000 copies, up 53%. The single "Hail Mary", which opened at Coachella, was second, behind his No. 1 [[Billboard Hot 100]] hit "California Love" (featuring Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman), shifting 11,000 downloads (119% increase). His third best-seller was the second Shakur song that was performed at Coachella—"[[2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted]]" (with [[Snoop Dogg]]). It sold 9,000 (up 881%). See "Tupac's virtual Coachella appearance spurs huge sales bump", Billboard.com, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150121092009/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1097452/tupacs-virtual-coachella-appearance-spurs-huge-sales-bump archived elsewhere] January 21, 2015.</ref>

=== Film and stage ===
The documentary film ''[[Tupac: Resurrection]]'' was released in November 2003. It was nominated for [[Academy Award for Documentary Feature|Best Documentary]] at the [[77th Academy Awards|2005 Academy Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 28, 2005|title=Tupac doc up for Oscar|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2005-01-28-0501290058-story.html|access-date=January 30, 2022|website=Chicago Tribune|language=en}}</ref>

In 2014, the play ''Holler If Ya Hear Me'', based on Shakur's lyrics, played on Broadway, but, among Broadway's worst-selling musicals in recent years, ran only six weeks.<ref name="mtv.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1868195/tupac-broadway-closing-holler-if-ya-hear-me/ |title=Broadway Musical Based On Tupac's Life Closing This Week Due To Slow Sales – MTV |work=MTV News |access-date=March 9, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209115239/http://www.mtv.com/news/1868195/tupac-broadway-closing-holler-if-ya-hear-me/ |archive-date=December 9, 2014}}</ref> In development since 2013, a Shakur biopic, ''[[All Eyez on Me (film)|All Eyez on Me]]'', began filming in [[Atlanta]] in December 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Production For Tupac's Biopic 'All Eyez On Me' Has Finally Begun|url=http://www.vibe.com/2015/12/tupac-biopic-all-eyez-on-me-production-begun/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161231132946/http://www.vibe.com/2015/12/tupac-biopic-all-eyez-on-me-production-begun/|archive-date=December 31, 2016}}</ref> It was released on June 16, 2017, on Shakur's 46th birthday,<ref>{{cite web|title=Tupac's Highly-Anticipated Biopic Receives Official Release Date|url=http://www.vibe.com/2016/11/tupac-all-eyez-on-me-release-date/|date=November 22, 2016|access-date=May 24, 2017|archive-date=March 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329150259/https://www.vibe.com/2016/11/tupac-all-eyez-on-me-release-date|url-status=live}}</ref> albeit to generally negative reviews.

In August 2019, a [[Television documentary|docuseries]] directed by [[Hughes Brothers|Allen Hughes]], ''Outlaw: The Saga of Afeni and Tupac Shakur'', was announced.<ref>{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Peter |title=FX Ramps Up Non-Fiction Slate With Docuseries On Tupac Shakur, LGBTQ Rights & Zodiac Killer – TCA |url=https://deadline.com/2019/08/fx-doc-slate-tupac-shakur-pride-tca-1202662574/ |website=deadline.com |access-date=August 7, 2019 |date=August 6, 2019 |archive-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806211539/https://deadline.com/2019/08/fx-doc-slate-tupac-shakur-pride-tca-1202662574/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Unpublished works ===
On March 30, 2022, one of Shakur's earliest pieces of writing, an unpublished booklet of [[Haiku|haiku poetry]], was auctioned by [[Sotheby's]] estimated at $200,000 to $300,000 and hammered down at $302,400 plus buyer premium.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2022/hip-hop/haiku-autograph-manuscript-signed-tupac-shakur |title=Tupac Shakur "Haiku", autograph manuscript signed ("Tupac ♥ Shakur, Future Freedom Fighter"), ca. spring 1983.|publisher=Sotheby's |access-date=June 7, 2022}}</ref> Shakur was 11 years old when he wrote and illustrated the booklet for [[Jamal Joseph]] and three other [[Black Panther Party]] members while they were incarcerated at [[Leavenworth Prison]]. Even at his young age, Shakur's writing dealt with themes such as [[Black Power movement|black liberation]], mass incarceration, race, and masculinity. The booklet features a self-portrait of Shakur sleeping, pen in hand, dreaming of the Black Panthers being freed from prison, and signed with a heart and the phrase "Tupac Shakur, Future Freedom Fighter".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2022/03/23/tupac-shakurs-unseen-childhood-poetry-written-for-an-incarcerated-black-panther-is-up-for-sale/?sh=4d2ea6c57b40|author=Carlie Porterfield|date=March 23, 2022|title=Tupac Shakur's Unseen Childhood Poetry Written For An Incarcerated Black Panther Is Up For Sale|work=Forbes}}</ref>

{{blockquote|<poem>
A dream is lovely.
You drift to another land.
I dream in the night.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2022/03/25/tupac-shakur-poems-auction/|author=Ashley King|date=March 25, 2022|title=A Book of Poems Written By 11-Year Old Tupac Shakur Goes Up for Auction|work=Digital Music News}}</ref></poem>
}}

===Awards and honors===
In 2002, Shakur was inducted into the Hip-Hop Hall of Fame. In 2004, Shakur was among the honorees at the first [[Hip Hop Honors]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.vh1.com/hip-hop-honors/2004 | title = HipHop Honors: About the show: Tuesday, October 12, 2004 | work = VH1.com | publisher = Viacom International Inc. | access-date = May 19, 2020 | quote = VH1's first ever Hip Hop Honors was hosted by Vivica A. Fox and MC Lyte at the Hammerstein Ballroom in NYC. 2Pac, Run-DMC, DJ Hollywood, Kool Herc, KRS-One, Public Enemy, Rock Steady Crew, Sugarhill Gang and The Graffiti Movement were honored. Tributes were performed by Beastie Boys, Common, Fat Joe and Terror Squad, Nas, MC Hammer, Kid Rock and more. Tracy Morgan, Ice-T, Taye Diggs, P. Diddy, Wyclef Jean, Foxy Brown, Debbie Harry and Roselyn Sanchez presented. | archive-date = August 13, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200813003748/http://www.vh1.com/hip-hop-honors/2004 | url-status = live }}</ref>

In 2006, Shakur's close friend and classmate Jada Pinkett Smith donated $1&nbsp;million to their high school alma mater, the Baltimore School for the Arts, and named the new theater in his honor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 12, 2006|title=Pinkett Smith gives $1M to Baltimore school|url=http://www.today.com/popculture/pinkett-smith-gives-1m-baltimore-school-1C9427463|access-date=December 11, 2021|website=TODAY.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=December 16, 2006|title=Actress gives $1 million to arts school|url=https://www.9news.com/article/entertainment/actress-gives-1-million-to-arts-school/73-344409846|access-date=March 6, 2021|website=KUSA.com}}</ref> In 2021, Pinkett Smith honored Shakur's 50th birthday by releasing a never before seen poem she had received from him.<ref name="Carras-2021" />

In 2009, drawing praise, the Vatican added "[[Changes (Tupac Shakur song)|Changes]]", a [[Greatest Hits (Tupac Shakur album)|1998 posthumous]] track, to its online playlist.<ref>{{cite news | first = Edward | last = Beck | url = https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Spirituality/tupac-shakur-reaches-vaticans-official-myspace-music-playlist/story?id=9270721 | title = Vatican gets good rap: Tupac Shakur makes the Vatican's MySpace music playlist | work = ABC News | date = December 7, 2009 | access-date = May 20, 2020 | archive-date = June 27, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200627233638/https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Spirituality/tupac-shakur-reaches-vaticans-official-myspace-music-playlist/story?id=9270721 | url-status = live }}</ref> On June 23, 2010, the [[Library of Congress]] added "[[Dear Mama]]" to the [[National Recording Registry]], the third rap song.<ref>{{Cite news|date=June 23, 2010|title=Tupac Shakur Honored By Library of Congress|work=[[CBS News]]|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/06/23/entertainment/main6611103.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=June 23, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626060312/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/06/23/entertainment/main6611103.shtml|archive-date=June 26, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | first = Ann | last = Donahue | url = https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/957665/tupac-willie-nelson-rem-among-inductees-to-national-recording-registry | title = Tupac, Willie Nelson, R.E.M. among inductees to National Recording Registry | magazine = Billboard.com | date = June 23, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130629043205/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/957665/tupac-willie-nelson-rem-among-inductees-to-national-recording-registry | archive-date = June 29, 2013}}</ref>

In 2015, the [[Grammy Museum at L.A. Live|Grammy Museum]] opened an exhibition dedicated to Shakur.<ref>{{cite news|date=January 22, 2015|title=Tupac Exhibit Opens Next Month|publisher=Boom 92|url=http://boom92houston.com/4831/tupac-exhibit-opens-next-month/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150127031303/http://boom92houston.com/4831/tupac-exhibit-opens-next-month/|archive-date=January 27, 2015}}</ref>

In his first year of eligibility, Shakur was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7, 2017.<ref name="USA Today-2016" /><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.spin.com/2017/04/watch-snoop-dogg-induct-tupac-into-the-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame/ |title=Watch Snoop Dogg Induct Tupac Into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame |magazine=Spin Magazine |date=April 8, 2017 |author=Peter Helman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415040312/http://www.spin.com/2017/04/watch-snoop-dogg-induct-tupac-into-the-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame/ |archive-date=April 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2016/10/18/498382524/pearl-jam-tupac-shakur-nominated-for-rock-roll-hall-of-fame |title=Pearl Jam, Bad Brains, Joan Baez, Depeche Mode, and Tupac Shakur nominated for induction into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame |last=Gotrich |first=Lars |date=October 18, 2016 |website=NPR |access-date=October 18, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020021155/http://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2016/10/18/498382524/pearl-jam-tupac-shakur-nominated-for-rock-roll-hall-of-fame |archive-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref>

In January 2022, the exhibition ''Tupac Shakur: Wake Me When I'm Free'' opened at The Canvas at [[L.A. Live]] in Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tinsley|first=Justin|date=January 21, 2022|title=New Tupac Shakur exhibit, 'Wake Me When I'm Free,' looks at the revolution that created the revolutionary|url=https://andscape.com/features/new-tupac-shakur-exhibit-wake-me-when-im-free-looks-at-the-revolution-that-created-the-revolutionary/|access-date=January 30, 2022|website=[[Andscape]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

On May 16, 2023, Oakland City Council voted to name the section of MacArthur Boulevard between Grand Avenue and Van Buren Avenue "Tupac Shakur Way".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Martinez|first=Gina|date=May 18, 2023|title=Oakland is renaming a street 'Tupac Shakur Way' to honor rap icon|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/oakland-street-renamed-tupac-shakur-way/|access-date=May 19, 2023|work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref>

On June 7, 2023, Shakur received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://walkoffame.com/press_releases/tupac-shakur-to-be-honored-with-a-posthumous-star-on-the-hollywood-walk-of-fame/|title= TUPAC SHAKUR TO BE HONORED WITH A POSTHUMOUS STAR ON THE HOLLYWOOD WALK OF FAME|publisher=[[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]|date=June 7, 2023|accessdate=June 7, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Neena Rouhani|url= https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/tupac-shakur-star-hollywood-walk-of-fame-1235348347/amp/|title= Tupac Shakur Honored With Hollywood Walk of Fame Star 27 Years After His Death|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=June 7, 2023|accessdate=June 7, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Simrin Singh|url= https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/tupac-shakur-posthumously-receives-star-on-hollywood-walk-of-fame/|title=Tupac Shakur posthumously receives star on Hollywood Walk of Fame|publisher=[[CBS News]]|date=June 7, 2023|accessdate=June 7, 2023}}</ref> His half-sister, Sekyiwa "Set" Shakur, accepted the award in his honor.<ref>{{cite web|author=Daniel Kreps|url= https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tupac-shakur-star-hollywood-walk-of-fame-1234765928/amp/|title= Tupac Shakur Finally Receives a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|publisher=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=June 7, 2023|accessdate=June 7, 2023}}</ref>

====Rankings====
* 2002: ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine ranked Shakur at 10th among top-earning dead celebrities.<ref>{{Cite news|date=August 12, 2002|title=Top-Earning Dead Celebrities|work=Forbes|editor-last=Schiffman|editor-first=Betsy|url=https://www.forbes.com/2002/08/12/0812deadintro.html|url-status=live|access-date=July 24, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824162336/http://www.forbes.com/2002/08/12/0812deadintro.html|archive-date=August 24, 2010}}</ref> 
* 2003: MTV's viewers voted Shakur the greatest MC.<ref>{{cite AV media | title = MTV2 Presents: 22 Greatest MC's | date = July 2003}}</ref> 
* 2005: Shakur was voted No.1 on Vibe's online poll of "Top 10 Best of All Time".<ref name="Stone-2005">{{cite web|last=Stone|first=Shelby|date=July 22, 2005|title=V community: Greatest rapper of all time?|url=http://www.vibe.com/news/news_headlines/2005/07/v_community_greatest_rapper_of_all_time|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050725012745/http://www.vibe.com/news/news_headlines/2005/07/v_community_greatest_rapper_of_all_time|archive-date=July 25, 2005|work=Vibe.com}}</ref> 
* 2006: MTV staff placed him second on its list of "The Greatest MCs Of All Time".<ref name="mtv greatest" /> 
* 2012: ''[[The Source]]'' magazine ranked him No. 5 among "The Top 50 Lyricists".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genius.com/discussions/8591-The-source-top-50-lyricists-magazine-scans |title=The Source: Top 50 Lyricists [Magazine Scans] |work=Genius |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912210734/http://genius.com/discussions/8591-The-source-top-50-lyricists-magazine-scans |archive-date=September 12, 2015}}</ref> 
* 2007: The [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] placed ''All Eyez on Me'' at No. 90 and ''Me Against the World'' at No. 170.<ref>{{cite web | author = [[National association of recording merchandisers]] | title = Definitive 200 | work = RockHall.com | publisher = The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc. | date = 2007 | url = http://www.rockhall.com/pressroom/definitive-200 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070410040752/http://www.rockhall.com/pressroom/definitive-200 | archive-date = April 10, 2007}}</ref>
* 2010: ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine placed Shakur at No. 86 among the "100 Greatest Artists".<ref name="Rolling Stone-2010" />
* 2020: ''All Eyez on Me'' was ranked No. 436 on ''Rolling Stone''{{'s}} list of the [[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|"500 Greatest Albums Of All Time]]".<ref>{{Cite web|title=2pac — Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Albums Of All Time|url=https://www.rs500albums.com/450-401/tag/2pac|access-date=January 30, 2022|website=Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Albums Of All Time|language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2023: ''Billboard'' ranked Shakur at number 4 of the top 50 rappers.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.billboard.com/lists/best-rappers-all-time/13-rakim/ | title=50 Greatest Rappers of All Time | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] }}</ref>

==Discography==
{{Main|Tupac Shakur discography|List of songs recorded by Tupac Shakur|l2=songs}}

;Studio albums
* ''[[2Pacalypse Now]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Me Against the World]]'' (1995)
* ''[[All Eyez on Me]]'' (1996)

;Posthumous studio albums
* ''[[The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory]]'' (1996) {{small|(as Makaveli)}}
* ''[[R U Still Down? (Remember Me)]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Until the End of Time (Tupac Shakur album)|Until the End of Time]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Better Dayz]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Loyal to the Game]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Pac's Life]]'' (2006)
 
;Collaboration albums
* ''[[Thug Life, Volume I]]'' <small>with Thug Life</small> (1994)
 
;Posthumous collaboration album
* ''[[Still I Rise (album)|Still I Rise]]'' <small>with Outlawz</small> (1999)

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| |1991 || ''[[Nothing but Trouble (1991 film)|Nothing but Trouble]]'' || Himself (in a fictional context) || Brief appearance as part of the group [[Digital Underground]]
|-
| |1992 || ''[[Juice (1992 film)|Juice]]'' || Roland Bishop || First starring role
|-
| |1993 || ''[[Poetic Justice (film)|Poetic Justice]]'' || Lucky || Co-starred with [[Janet Jackson]]
|-
| |1993 || ''[[A Different World]]'' || Piccolo || Episode: Homie Don't Ya Know Me?
|-
| |1993 || ''[[In Living Color]]'' || Himself || Season 5, Episode: 3
|-
| |1994 || ''[[Above the Rim]]'' || Birdie || Co-starred with [[Duane Martin]]. Final film release during his lifetime
|-
| |1995 || ''[[Murder Was the Case|Murder Was the Case: The Movie]]'' || Sniper || Uncredited; segment: "Natural Born Killaz"
|-
| |1996 || ''[[Saturday Night Special]]'' || Himself (guest host) || 1 episode
|-
| |1996 || ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' || Himself (musical guest)|| Episode: "[[Tom Arnold (actor)|Tom Arnold]]/Tupac Shakur"
|-
| |1996 || ''[[Bullet (1996 film)|Bullet]]'' || Tank || Released one month after Shakur's death
|-
| |1997 || ''[[Gridlock'd]]'' || Ezekiel "Spoon" Whitmore || Released four months after Shakur's death
|-
| |1997 || ''[[Gang Related]]'' || Detective Jake Rodriguez || Shakur's last performance in a film
|-
| |2001 || ''[[Baby Boy (film)|Baby Boy]]'' || Himself || Archive footage
|-
| |2003 || ''[[Tupac: Resurrection]]'' || Himself || Archive footage
|-
| |2009 || ''[[Notorious (2009 film)|Notorious]]'' || Himself || Archive footage
|-
| |2015 || ''[[Straight Outta Compton (2015 film)|Straight Outta Compton]]'' || Himself || Archive footage
|-
| |2017 || ''[[All Eyez on Me (film)|All Eyez on Me]]'' || Himself || Archive footage
|-
| |2023 || ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]'' || Himself || Archive footage
|-
|}

===Portrayals in film===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Portrayed by !! Notes
|-
| | 2001 || ''Too Legit: The MC Hammer Story'' || [[Lamont Bentley]] || Biographical film about [[MC Hammer]]
|-
| | 2009 || ''[[Notorious (2009 film)|Notorious]]'' || [[Anthony Mackie]] || Biographical film about [[the Notorious B.I.G.]]
|-
| | 2015 || ''[[Straight Outta Compton (film)|Straight Outta Compton]]'' || Marcc Rose<ref>{{cite web |author=Bansky |title=This Is The Guy Who's Playing Tupac In The N.W.A. Movie |url=http://uproxx.com/smokingsection/2015/06/marcc-rose-tupac-nwa-movie/ |publisher=Uproxx.com |access-date=June 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619202325/http://uproxx.com/smokingsection/2015/06/marcc-rose-tupac-nwa-movie/ |archive-date=June 19, 2015 |date=June 19, 2015}}</ref> || Biographical film about [[N.W.A]]
|-
| | 2016 || ''[[Surviving Compton: Dre, Suge & Michel'le]]'' || Adrian Arthur || Biographical film about [[Michel'le]]
|-
| | 2017 || ''[[All Eyez on Me (film)|All Eyez on Me]]'' || [[Demetrius Shipp, Jr.]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/6820967/tupac-biopic-demetrius-shipp-jr-lead-role-all-eyez-on-me |title=Tupac Biopic Taps Newcomer Demetrius Shipp, Jr. For Lead Role |magazine=Billboard |date=December 24, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227031453/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/6820967/tupac-biopic-demetrius-shipp-jr-lead-role-all-eyez-on-me |archive-date=December 27, 2015}}</ref> || Biographical film about Tupac Shakur<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/25/arts/tupac-shakur-biopic-all-eyez-on-me-casts-a-lead.html |title=Tupac Shakur Biopic 'All Eyez on Me' Casts a Lead |date=December 25, 2015 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228103729/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/25/arts/tupac-shakur-biopic-all-eyez-on-me-casts-a-lead.html |archive-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Documentaries===
Shakur's life has been explored in several documentaries, most notably the Academy Award-nominated ''Tupac: Resurrection'' (2003).
* 1997: ''Tupac Shakur: Thug Immortal''
* 1997: ''Tupac Shakur: Words Never Die'' (TV)
* 2001: ''Tupac Shakur: Before I Wake...''
* 2001: ''Welcome to Deathrow''
* 2002: ''Tupac Shakur: Thug Angel''
* 2002: ''[[Biggie & Tupac]]''
* 2002: ''Tha Westside''
* 2003: ''2Pac 4 Ever''
* 2003: ''Tupac: Resurrection''
* 2004: ''Tupac vs.''
* 2004: ''Tupac: The Hip Hop Genius'' (TV)
* 2006: ''So Many Years, So Many Tears''
* 2015: ''Murder Rap: Inside the Biggie and Tupac Murders''
* 2017: ''Who killed Tupac?''
* 2017: ''Who Shot Biggie & Tupac?''
* 2018: ''Unsolved: Murders of Biggie and Tupac?''
* 2021: ''The Life & Death of Tupac Shakur''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stein|first=Frankie|date=October 27, 2021|title=Remembering a legend: 'The Life and Death of Tupac Shakur'|url=https://filmdaily.co/indie-film/tupac-shakur/|access-date=January 30, 2022|website=Film Daily|language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2023: ''[[Dear Mama (TV series)|Dear Mama]]''

==See also==
{{Portal|Poetry|Biography|Music|New York City|United States}}
* [[List of best-selling music artists]]
* [[List of best-selling music artists in the United States]]
* [[List of murdered hip hop musicians]]
* [[List of number-one albums (United States)]]
* [[List of number-one hits (United States)]]
* [[List of awards and nominations received by Tupac Shakur]]
* [[List of artists who reached number one in the United States]]
* [[List of unsolved murders (1980–1999)|List of unsolved murders]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |last=Holley |first=Santi Elijah |year=2023 |title=An Amerikan Family: The Shakurs and the Nation They Created |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjeEEAAAQBAJ |location=New York |publisher=Mariner Books |isbn=9780358588764 |oclc=1345214629}}

==External links==
{{sister project links|d=Q6107|c=Category:Tupac Shakur|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.tasf.org/Tupac Amaru Shakur Foundation for the Arts]{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://chuckphilipspost.com/tupac-interviews/93-interview "Expressing Myself, Silencing the Demons"] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054336/http://chuckphilipspost.com/tupac-interviews/93-interview/ |date=September 21, 2013 }}), interview with Chuck Philips
* {{IMDb name|0000637}}
* [https://vault.fbi.gov/Tupac%20Shakur%20 FBI Records: The Vault – Tupac Shakur] at FBI.gov

{{Tupac Shakur |state=expanded}}
{{Outlawz |state=collapsed}}
{{Digital Underground |state=collapsed}}
{{American Music Award for Favorite Rap/Hip Hop Artist}}
{{2017 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Music|United States}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shakur, Tupac}}
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